E nwere oke dị na ime ka arụmọrụ nke gypsum paste dịkwuo mma site na otu ngwakọta. Ọ bụrụ na arụmọrụ nke gypsum mortar ga-enweta nsonaazụ dị mma ma mezuo ihe dị iche iche achọrọ maka ojiji, a chọrọ ngwakọta kemịkalụ, ngwakọta, ihe nzacha na ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche iji jikọta ma kwado ibe ha n'ụzọ sayensị na n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya.
1. Ihe na-agbakọta ọnụ
A na-ekewa coagulant ndị na-achịkwa coagulant ụzọ abụọ: retarder na coagulant. Na ngwakọta ngwakọta akọrọ nke gesso, ngwaahịa nke na-eji gesso esi nri eme ihe niile na-eji ihe na-egbochi coagulate, gesso anhydrous ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke na-eji gesso mmiri abụọ eme ihe ozugbo kwesịrị ịkwalite ihe na-akpata coagulate.
2. Retarder
Site n'itinye ihe mgbochi na ihe owuwu gypsum a gwakọtara agwakọta, usoro mmiri nke gypsum semi-hydrous na-egbochi ma oge siri ike na-adịte aka. Ọnọdụ mmiri nke gypsum plaster dị iche iche, gụnyere nhazi nke gypsum plaster, okpomọkụ nke ihe gypsum, ịdị mma nke ihe, oge ịtọ na uru pH nke ngwaahịa emechara. Ihe ọ bụla nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na mmetụta nke ịlaghachi azụ, yabụ enwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ọnụọgụ ihe na-egbochi azụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ugbu a, ihe mgbochi gypsum pụrụ iche nke ụlọ ka mma bụ ihe mgbochi metamorphic protein (protein dị elu), ọ nwere uru nke obere ọnụ ahịa, oge nkwụsị ogologo, obere mfu ike, ezigbo owuwu, oge mmeghe ogologo na ndị ọzọ. N'ụdị ala, ego nkwadebe gypsum stucco na-abụkarị na 0.06% ~ 0.15%.
3. Ihe na-agbakọta ọnụ
Ime ka oge mkpali nke slurry dịkwuo ngwa ngwa na ịgbatị ọsọ mkpali nke slurry bụ otu n'ime ụzọ anụ ahụ si akwalite coagulation. Ihe ndị na-egbochi kemịkalụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ime ihe eji arụ ụlọ gypsum anhydrous bụ potassium chloride, potassium silicate, sulfate na asịd ndị ọzọ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-enye bụkarị 0.2% ~ 0.4%.
4. Ihe eji ejide mmiri
Ihe eji arụ ụlọ Gesso dry mix enweghị ike ịhapụ ihe nchekwa mmiri. Iji melite ọsọ nchekwa mmiri nke ihe eji arụ ụlọ gypsum bụ ijide n'aka na mmiri nwere ike ịdị na gypsum slurry ruo ogologo oge ka o wee nweta ezigbo mmiri mmiri na mmetụta siri ike. Ime ka ihe eji arụ ụlọ gypsum powder dịkwuo mma, ibelata na igbochi nkewa na ọbara ọgbụgba nke gypsum slurry, ime ka mmiri slurry na-akwụsi ike, ịgbatị oge mmeghe, idozi nsogbu dị mma nke injinịa dịka mgbawa na drum efu bụ ihe na-ekewapụ na ihe eji arụ ụlọ. Ma ihe eji arụ ụlọ nke na-ejide mmiri ọ dị mma dabere na mgbasa ya, ike ya ngwa ngwa, ịkpụzi ya, nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ na oke, nke ihe eji arụ ụlọ bụ ihe kacha mkpa.
ihe na-ejide mmiri cellulose ether
Ugbu a, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ahịa, methyl cellulose na carboxymethyl cellulose na-esochi ya. Njirimara zuru oke nke hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ka mma karịa methyl cellulose. Njide mmiri nke hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose dị elu karịa nke carboxymethyl cellulose, mana mmetụta siri ike na mmetụta njikọ dị njọ karịa nke carboxymethyl cellulose. Na ihe owuwu gypsum akọrọ, ọnụọgụ hydroxypropyl na methyl cellulose dị n'etiti 0.1% ~ 0.3%, ọnụọgụ nke carboxymethyl cellulose dị n'etiti 0.5% ~ 1.0%.
Ihe na-ejide mmiri starch
Ụdị starch na-echebe ihe mmiri na-eji na gesso be putty na nwa, ụdị ihu oyi akwa stucco gesso, nwere ike dochie ihe na-egbochi mmiri. Enwere ike ime ka ọrụ, ịrụ ọrụ na nguzozi nke slurry dịkwuo mma site na ịgbakwunye ihe na-ejide mmiri starch na ihe owuwu gypsum akọrọ. Ngwaahịa ihe na-ejide mmiri starch a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ starch cassava, starch pre gelatinized, carboxymethyl starch, carboxypropyl starch. Ụdị starch na-echebe dose nke ihe mmiri ka ọ bụrụ 0.3% ~ 1% nke ukwuu, ọ bụrụ na dose ahụ buru ibu, na-eme ka ihe na-emepụta ngwaahịa gesso dị n'okpuru ebe mmiri dị, na-emetụta ịdị mma ọrụ ozugbo.
③ Ụdị gluu mmiri na-ejigide ihe
Ụfọdụ ihe nrapado ozugbo nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ ka mma n'itinye mmiri n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị mkpa. Dịka ntụ ntụ 17-88, ntụ ntụ polyvinyl alcohol 24-88, gum green gum na guar gum eji ejikọta gypsum, gypsum putty, gluu mkpuchi gypsum na ihe ndị ọzọ a gwakọtara agwakọta nke gypsum dry, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, nwere ike ibelata ọnụọgụ ihe na-ejide mmiri cellulose. Karịsịa na gypsum na-arapara ngwa ngwa, ọ nwere ike dochie cellulose ethers n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.
(4) Ihe ndị na-ejigide mmiri na-adịghị n'ime ahụ
Iji ihe ndị ọzọ mejupụtara mmiri eme ihe n'ime ihe ndị a gwakọtara agwakọta nke gypsum nwere ike ibelata ọnụọgụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-ejide mmiri, belata ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa, ma melite ike ịrụ ọrụ na ịrụ ọrụ nke gypsum slurry. Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ime mmiri na-adịghị emepụta ihe bụ bentonite, kaolin, diatomite, zeolite powder, perlite powder, attapulgite clay, wdg.
5. Ihe na-arapara
Iji ihe na-arapara n'ime ihe eji arụ ụlọ akọrọ gypsum adịghị mma karịa ihe na-ejide mmiri na ihe na-egbochi mmiri. Ihe na-eme ka Gesso nwee ike ịgbanwe agba, ihe na-arapara n'ahụ, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro agaghị ahapụ ihe na-arapara n'ahụ.
Ntụ ntụ latex a na-agbanwe agbanwe:
A na-ejikarị ntụ ntụ latex eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na gypsum self-leveling mortar, gypsum insulation gluu, gypsum caulking putty na ihe ndị ọzọ. Karịsịa na gypsum self-leveling mortar, ọ nwere ike ime ka slurry viscidity, ezigbo fluidity, belata nhazi, zere ọbara ọgbụgba, melite iguzogide mgbawa na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ojiji ya na-abụkarị 1.2% ~ 2.5%.
Mmanya polyvinyl ozugbo:
Ugbu a, mmanya polyvinyl a gbazere ozugbo nke nwere ọtụtụ ọgwụ dị n'ahịa bụ 24-88, 17-88 bụ ngwaahịa nke ụdị abụọ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na plasta gluu, gesso, gluu nchekwa okpomọkụ nke gesso, plasta stucco na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ, dose ya bụ 0.4% ~ 1.2% nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe.
Guar gum, field gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch ether na ihe ndị ọzọ bụ ihe ndị nwere ọrụ njikọ dị iche iche na ihe eji arụ ụlọ gypsum akọrọ.
6. Ihe na-eme ka ọkpụrụkpụ sie ike
Isi ihe dị mkpa bụ ime ka gypsum slurry dịkwuo mma ma na-agbaze nke ọma, nke yiri ihe na-ejide ihe na mmiri, mana ọ bụghị kpamkpam. Ụfọdụ ihe na-eme ka thickening dị mma n'ịkwalite mmetụta nsọpụrụ, mana nkwanye ùgwù adịghị mma n'ike jikọtara ọnụ, ọnụego njigide mmiri. Mgbe ị na-emepụta ihe eji arụ ụlọ gypsum dry powder, a ga-atụle isi mmetụta nke admixture nke ọma ka e wee tinye admixture nke ọma ma nwee ezi uche. Ngwaahịa thickener a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ polyacrylamide, green gum, guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose.
7. Onye na-enye ohere ịbanye n'ikuku
A makwaara ihe na-enye ikuku ohere itinye ụfụfụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na gluu mkpuchi gypsum, plasta plasta na ihe ndị ọzọ a gwakọtara agwakọta nke gypsum. Ihe na-enye ikuku ohere itinye ụfụfụ (ihe na-enye ụfụfụ) na-enyere aka imeziwanye ihe owuwu, iguzogide mgbawa, iguzogide ntu oyi, belata ọbara ọgbụgba na ihe na-ekewapụ iche, usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ na-abụkarị na 0.01% ~ 0.02%.
8. Ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha
A na-ejikarị ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha eme ihe na ngwa agha gesso onwe ya, gesso caulking be putty, nwere ike ịbawanye njupụta nke pulp ihe, ike, iguzogide mmiri, na mmekọahụ caking, usoro onunu ogwu a na-abụkarị 0.02% ~ 0.04%.
9. Ihe na-ebelata mmiri
Mbelata ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro nwere ike ime ka mmiri dị nro na ike ahụ sie ike ka mma, nke a na-ejikarị na ngwa agha gesso self leveling, stucco gesso. Ugbu a, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ụlọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro nke polycarboxylic acid, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro nke melamine dị elu, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro nke sistemụ tii, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro nke lignosulfonate dịka mmiri si dị na ike ya. Na mgbakwunye na oriri na ike ya, ọ dị mkpa ịṅa ntị na oge ntọala na mfu mmiri nke ihe eji arụ ụlọ gypsum mgbe ị na-eji ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro na ihe eji arụ ụlọ gypsum akọrọ.
10. Ihe na-egbochi mmiri
Nsogbu kachasị ukwuu nke ngwaahịa gypsum bụ enweghị mmiri na-eguzogide. Ebe nwere oke iru mmiri ikuku nwere ihe achọrọ maka mmiri na-eguzogide gypsum akọrọ. N'ozuzu, a na-eme ka iguzogide mmiri nke ahụ gypsum siri ike ka mma site na ịgbakwunye ngwakọta hydraulic. N'ọnọdụ mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri juru eju, ọnụọgụ dị nro nke ahụ gypsum siri ike nwere ike iru 0.7, iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka ike ngwaahịa. Enwere ike iji ngwakọta kemịkalụ belata ike ịgbaze nke gypsum (ya bụ, ịbawanye ọnụọgụ dị nro), belata nnabata nke gypsum na mmiri (ya bụ, belata nnabata mmiri) ma belata mbuze nke ahụ gypsum siri ike (ya bụ, mwepụ mmiri) ụzọ mgbochi mmiri. Ihe nnọchi anya mmiri Gypsum nwere ammonium borate, methyl sodium silicate, silicone resin, wax mmiri ara ehi, mmetụta ya ka mma na ihe nnọchi anya mmiri silicone emulsion.
11. Ihe na-eme ka ihe rụọ ọrụ nke ọma
Enwere ike ịgbalite gypsum nke sitere n'okike na nke kemịkalụ nke na-anaghị agbaze agbaze ka ọ na-arapara ma sie ike, ka o wee dabara adaba maka mmepụta nke ihe owuwu gypsum akọrọ. Ihe na-eme ka acid rụọ ọrụ nwere ike ime ka ọsọ mmiri nke gypsum anhydrous dịkwuo ngwa ngwa, belata oge ntọala ma melite ike mmalite nke ahụ siri ike nke gypsum. Ihe na-eme ka alkaline rụọ ọrụ enweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọsọ mmiri mbụ nke gypsum anhydrous, mana o doro anya na ọ nwere ike imeziwanye ike nke ahụ siri ike nke gypsum, ma nwee ike ịbụ akụkụ nke ihe simenti hydraulic na ahụ siri ike nke gypsum, nke na-eme ka iguzogide mmiri nke ahụ siri ike nke gypsum dịkwuo mma. Mmetụta ojiji nke ihe na-eme ka acid-base activator dị mma karịa nke otu acid ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mfe. Ihe na-eme ka acid rụọ ọrụ gụnyere potassium alum, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate na ndị ọzọ. Ihe na-eme ka alkaline rụọ ọrụ gụnyere quicklime, simenti, clinker simenti, dolomite calcined na ndị ọzọ.
Mmanụ Thixotropic
A na-eji mmanụ Thixovariable eme ihe na gypsum ma ọ bụ stuccoing gypsum nke na-eme ka ọ dị larịị, nke nwere ike ibelata nguzogide mmiri nke gypsum mortar, mee ka oge mmeghe dịkwuo ogologo, gbochie nhazi na nhazi nke slurry, ka slurry wee nweta ezigbo mmanụ na owuwu, ebe ọ na-eme ka ahụ siri ike dị ka otu, mee ka ike elu ya dịkwuo elu.
Oge ozi: Mee-25-2022