Kuki selulose yitwa polymer?

Selulosi, ikunze kwitwa imvange y’ibinyabuzima iboneka cyane ku Isi, ni molekile ishimishije kandi igoye ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bice bitandukanye by’ubuzima, kuva ku miterere y’ibimera kugeza ku gukora impapuro n’imyenda.

Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe impamvuseluloseishyirwa mu cyiciro cya polymer, ni ngombwa gusuzuma imiterere yayo ya molekile, imiterere yayo, n'imyitwarire igaragaza haba ku rwego rwa macroscopic na microscopic. Dusuzumye ibi bice mu buryo bwimbitse, dushobora gusobanura imiterere ya polymer ya cellulose.

Iby'ibanze bya shimi ya polima:
Ubumenyi bwa polymer ni ishami rya chimie rishinzwe kwiga macromolecules, ari zo molekile nini zigizwe n'ibice by'imiterere bigaruka bizwi nka monomers. Inzira ya polymerization ikubiyemo guhuza izi monomers binyuze mu migozi ya covalent, igakora iminyururu miremire cyangwa imiyoboro.

Imiterere ya Molekile ya Selulosi:
Selulosi igizwe ahanini na atome za karuboni, hidrojeni, na ogisijeni, zitunganijwe mu buryo bumeze nk'umunyururu ugororotse. Ishingiro ryayo ry'ibanze, molekile ya glucose, rikora nk'igice cya monomeric cyo gupima selulosi. Buri gice cya glucose kiri mu munyururu wa selulosi gihujwe n'ibikurikira binyuze mu mibanire ya glycosidi ya β(1→4), aho amatsinda ya hydroxyl (-OH) kuri karuboni-1 na karuboni-4 by'ibice bya glucose byegeranye bihura n'ingaruka z'ingufu kugira ngo bikore umubanire.

Imiterere ya polimeri ya selulosi:

Ibice Bisubiramo: Imibanire ya β(1→4) ya glycosidic muri selulosi ituma ibice bya glucose bisubiramo ku muyoboro wa polymer. Uku gusubiramo ibice by'imiterere ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kiranga polymer.
Uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile: Molekile za selulosi zigizwe n'ibihumbi kugeza kuri za miriyoni za glucose, bigatuma habaho uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile busanzwe mu bintu bya polymer.
Imiterere y'Urunigi Rurerure: Imiterere y'ibice bya glucose mu minyururu ya selulose ikora iminyururu miremire ya molekile, isa n'imiterere iranga urunigi igaragara muri polymer.
Imikoranire hagati ya molekile: Molekile za selulosi zigaragaza isano iri hagati ya molekile za hydrogen hagati y’iminyururu yegeranye, bigafasha ikorwa rya mikorofibrili n’imiterere minini, nk’iminyururu ya selulosi.
Imiterere ya Mekanike: Ingufu za selulose mu mikorere no gukomera kwayo, ni ingenzi mu miterere y’inkuta z’uturemangingo tw’ibimera, bikomoka ku miterere ya polymer. Iyi miterere itwibutsa ibindi bikoresho bya polymer.
Kubora: Nubwo ikomera, selulose irashobora kubora, igenda ihinduka imisemburo bitewe na selulose, zigahindura imikorere ya glycosidic hagati y’ibice bya glucose, amaherezo zigasenya polymer muri monomer ziyigize.

Porogaramu n'akamaro:
Imiterere ya polima yaseluloseIshyigikira ikoreshwa ryayo mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo impapuro n'amacupa, imyenda, imiti, n'ingufu zisubira. Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri selulosi bihabwa agaciro kubera ubwinshi bwabyo, kubora, kuvugururwa, no gukora ibintu bitandukanye, bigatuma biba ingenzi cyane muri sosiyete ya none.

Selulose ifatwa nk'umusemburo wa polymer bitewe n'imiterere yayo ya molekile, igizwe n'ibice bisubiramo bya glucose bihujwe n'imigozi ya glycosidic ya β (1 → 4), bigatuma habaho imigozi miremire ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile. Imiterere yayo ya polymer igaragara mu bintu bitandukanye, harimo ikorwa ry'imigozi miremire ya molekile, imikoranire hagati ya molekile, imiterere ya mekanike, no kwangirika kw'ibinyabuzima. Gusobanukirwa selulose nk'umusemburo wa polymer ni ingenzi mu gukoresha ikoreshwa ryayo ritagereranywa no gukoresha ubushobozi bwayo mu ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho birambye.