1. Ubushyuhe bw'amazi
Dukurikije uko ubushyuhe bw'amazi bugenda bugabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita, uburyo bwo gutonyanga sima bukunze kugabanywamo ibice bitanu, ari byo: igihe cyo gutonyanga bwa mbere (0 ~ 15 min), igihe cyo gutangira (15 min ~ 4 h), igihe cyo kwihutisha no gushyiraho (4h ~ 8 h ), igihe cyo kugabanya umuvuduko no gukomera (8h ~ 24 h), n'igihe cyo gukonja (1d ~ 28 d).
Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigaragaza ko mu ntangiriro z'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amazi (ni ukuvuga igihe cyo gutangira gushyuha), iyo ingano ya HEMC ari 0.1% ugereranije n'urusenda rwa sima rudafite ikintu, uburebure bw'urusenda buzamuka cyane kandi uburebure bw'urusenda bukiyongera cyane. Iyo ingano yaHEMCIyo iri hejuru ya 0.3%, impera ya mbere y’urutare iratinda, kandi agaciro k’urutare kagabanuka buhoro buhoro uko HEMC yiyongera; HEMC izatinza igihe cyo kwihutisha no kwihutisha urutare rwa sima, kandi uko ingano yarwo irushaho kuba nini, ni ko igihe cyo kwihutisha kirushaho kuba kirekire, ni ko igihe cyo kwihutisha kirushaho kuba gito, kandi ingano yarwo irushaho kuba nto; impinduka z’ingano ya eteri ya selulose nta ngaruka zigaragara zigira ku gihe cyo kwihutisha no ku gihe cyo guhagarara kw’urutare rwa sima, nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3 (a). Bigaragara ko eteri ya selulose ishobora kandi kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’amazi ya sima mu masaha 72, ariko iyo ubushyuhe bw’amazi burenze amasaha 36, impinduka z’ingano ya eteri ya selulose zigira ingaruka nke ku bushyuhe bw’amazi ya sima, nk’uko Ishusho ya 3 (b).
Igishushanyo 3 Impinduka mu mikorere y'ubushyuhe bw'isima hamwe n'ingano itandukanye ya eteri ya selulose (HEMC)
2. Mimiterere y'ubukungu:
Mu kwiga ubwoko bubiri bwa ether za selulosi zifite ubukana bwa 60000Pa·s na 100000Pa·s, byagaragaye ko imbaraga zo gukanda za morti yahinduwe ivanze na ether ya methyl cellulose zagabanutse buhoro buhoro uko ingano yayo yiyongera. Imbaraga zo gukanda za morti yahinduwe ivanze na ether ya 100000Pa·s viscosity hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether ziyongera mbere hanyuma zikagabanuka uko ingano yayo yiyongera (nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 4). Bigaragaza ko gushyiramo ether ya methyl cellulose bizagabanya cyane imbaraga zo gukanda za morti ya sima. Uko ingano iba nyinshi, niko imbaraga zizaba nto; uko viscosity iba nto, niko ingaruka ziyongera ku gutakaza imbaraga zo gukanda za morti; ether ya hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Iyo ingano iri munsi ya 0.1%, imbaraga zo gukanda za morti ya moriti zishobora kwiyongera neza. Iyo ingano irenze 0.1%, imbaraga zo gukanda za morti ya moriti zizagabanuka uko ingano yiyongera, bityo ingano igomba kugenzurwa kuri 0.1%.
Igishushanyo cya 4: Ingufu zo gukanda za MC1, MC2 na sima yahinduwe ya MC3, 3d, 7d na 28d
(Methyl cellulose ether, viscosity 60000Pa·S, nyuma yaho yitwa MC1; methyl cellulose ether, viscosity 100000Pa·S, yitwa MC2; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, viscosity 100000Pa·S, yitwa MC3).
3. Cigihe cyo gutanga amafaranga:
Mu gupima igihe cyo gushyiraho eteri ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ifite ubukana bwa 100000Pa·s mu bipimo bitandukanye bya sima, byagaragaye ko hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’igipimo cya HPMC, igihe cyo gushyiraho cya mbere n’igihe cyo gushyiraho cya nyuma cya sima byakomeje kwiyongera. Iyo ubukana bwa 1%, igihe cyo gushyiraho cya mbere kigera ku minota 510, naho igihe cyo gushyiraho cya nyuma kigera ku minota 850. Ugereranyije n’icyitegererezo cy’ubusa, igihe cyo gushyiraho cya mbere cyongerwaho iminota 210, naho igihe cyo gushyiraho cya nyuma cyongerwaho iminota 470 (nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 5). Yaba ari HPMC ifite ubukana bwa 50000Pa s, 100000Pa s cyangwa 200000Pa s, ishobora gutinza igihe cyo gushyiraho sima, ariko ugereranije na eteri eshatu za cellulose, igihe cyo gushyiraho cya mbere n’igihe cyo gushyiraho cya nyuma byongerwaho hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’ubukana, nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 6. Ibi biterwa nuko eteri ya selulosi iba iri ku buso bw'uduce twa sima, ibi bikaba bibuza amazi kugera ku duce twa sima, bityo bigatinza amazi ya sima. Uko eteri ya selulosi iba nini, niko urwego rwo kuyishyira ku buso bw'uduce twa sima rurushaho kuba rwinshi, kandi ingaruka zo kuyitinza zikaba zikomeye.
Igishushanyo 5 Ingaruka z'umubare wa eteri ya selulose ku gihe cyo gushyiraho sitrove
Igishushanyo cya 6 Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe butandukanye bwa HPMC ku gihe cyo gushyiraho sima
(MC-5 (50000Pa·s), MC-10 (100000Pa·s) na MC-20 (200000Pa·s))
Methyl cellulose ether na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether bizamura cyane igihe cyo gushyiraho sima, ibi bikaba byatuma sima igira igihe gihagije n'amazi bihagije kugira ngo amazi arusheho kwiyongera, kandi bigakemura ikibazo cy'ingufu nke n'ikibazo cyo gucika kw'isima nyuma yo gukomera.
4. Kubika amazi:
Ingaruka z’umubare wa eteri ya selulosi ku kubika amazi zakoreweho ubushakashatsi. Byagaragaye ko uko ingano ya eteri ya selulosi yiyongera, igipimo cyo kubika amazi cya mortier kiriyongera, kandi iyo ingano ya eteri ya selulosi iri hejuru ya 0.6%, igipimo cyo kubika amazi gikunda kuba gihamye. Ariko, iyo ugereranije ubwoko butatu bwa eteri za selulosi (HPMC ifite ubukana bwa 50000Pa s (MC-5), 100000Pa s (MC-10) na 200000Pa s (MC-20)), ingaruka z’ubukana ku kubika amazi ziratandukanye. Isano iri hagati y’igipimo cyo kubika amazi ni: MC-5.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Mata 2024