Imeko yechungechunge loshishino:
(1) Ishishini elihamba phambili
Izinto eziphambili ezifunekayo ekuveliswenii-cellulose etherziquka umqhaphu ocociweyo (okanye i-pulp yomthi) kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi zeekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-propylene oxide, i-methyl chloride, i-caustic soda engamanzi, i-caustic soda, i-ethylene oxide, i-toluene kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo. Amashishini akwishishini eliphambili kweli shishini aquka umqhaphu ocociweyo, amashishini okuvelisa i-pulp yomthi kunye namanye amashishini eekhemikhali. Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kwezinto eziphambili ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla kuya kuba nefuthe elahlukileyo kwiindleko zemveliso kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa le-cellulose ether.
Ixabiso lomqhaphu ocociweyo liphezulu kakhulu. Xa sijonga i-cellulose ether yezixhobo zokwakha njengomzekelo, ngexesha lengxelo, ixabiso lomqhaphu ocociweyo libalelwa kwi-31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59% kunye ne-26.90% yeendleko zokuthengisa ze-cellulose ether yezixhobo zokwakha. Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso komqhaphu ocociweyo kuya kuchaphazela iindleko zokuvelisa i-cellulose ether. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni umqhaphu ocociweyo zii-cotton linters. Ii-cotton linters zezinye zeemveliso eziphuma kwinkqubo yokuvelisa umqhaphu, ezisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa i-cotton pulp, umqhaphu ocociweyo, i-nitrocellulose kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-cotton linters kunye nomqhaphu zahlukile kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso lazo liphantsi ngokucacileyo kunelo lomqhaphu, kodwa linolwalamano oluthile nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso komqhaphu. Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso e-cotton linters kuchaphazela ixabiso lomqhaphu ocociweyo.
Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwexabiso lomqhaphu ocociweyo kuya kuba nefuthe elahlukileyo kulawulo lweendleko zemveliso, amaxabiso emveliso kunye nenzuzo yamashishini kweli shishini. Xa ixabiso lomqhaphu ocociweyo liphezulu kwaye ixabiso lomqhaphu womthi liphantsi kakhulu, ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko, umqhaphu womthi ungasetyenziswa njengendawo yokutshintsha kunye nesongezelelo somqhaphu ocociweyo, osetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa ii-ether ze-cellulose ezine-viscosity ephantsi njengee-ethers ze-pharmaceutical kunye ne-food grade cellulose. Ngokwedatha evela kwiwebhusayithi ye-National Bureau of Statistics, ngo-2013, indawo yokutyala umqhaphu kwilizwe lam yayiyi-4.35 yezigidi zeehektare, kwaye imveliso yomqhaphu kazwelonke yayiyi-6.31 yezigidi zeetoni. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwi-China Cellulose Industry Association, ngo-2014, imveliso iyonke yomqhaphu ocociweyo owenziwe ngabavelisi abakhulu bemqhaphu ocociweyo basekhaya yayiyi-332,000 yeetoni, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kuninzi.
Izinto eziphambili zokwenza imveliso yezixhobo zeekhemikhali zegrafiti yintsimbi kunye negrafiti carbon. Ixabiso lentsimbi kunye negrafiti carbon libandakanya inxenye ephezulu yeendleko zemveliso yezixhobo zeekhemikhali zegrafiti. Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kwezi zinto kuya kuba nefuthe elithile kwixabiso lemveliso kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa izixhobo zeekhemikhali zegrafiti.
(2) Ishishini elisezantsi le-cellulose ether
Njenge "industrial monosodium glutamate", i-cellulose ether inomlinganiselo ophantsi we-cellulose ether kwaye ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Amashishini asezantsi asasazeke kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi kuqoqosho lwelizwe.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ishishini lokwakha elisezantsi kunye neshishini lezindlu liya kuba nefuthe elithile kwizinga lokukhula kwemfuno ye-cellulose ether yezinto zokwakha. Xa ishishini lokwakha lasekhaya kunye neshishini lezindlu likhula ngokukhawuleza, imfuno yemarike yasekhaya ye-cellulose ether yezinto zokwakha ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Xa izinga lokukhula kweshishini lokwakha lasekhaya kunye neshishini lezindlu lihla, izinga lokukhula kwemfuno ye-cellulose ether yezinto zokwakha kwimarike yasekhaya liya kuncipha, nto leyo eya kuqinisa ukhuphiswano kweli shishini kwaye ikhawulezise inkqubo yokusinda kwamashishini afanelekileyo kweli shishini.
Ukususela ngo-2012, kwimeko yokudodobala kweshishini lokwakha lasekhaya kunye neshishini lezindlu, imfuno ye-cellulose ether yezinga lokwakha kwimarike yasekhaya ayitshintshanga kakhulu. Izizathu eziphambili zezi: 1. Ubungakanani beshishini lokwakha lasekhaya kunye neshishini lezindlu bukhulu, kwaye imfuno iyonke yemarike inkulu; imakethi ephambili yabathengi ye-cellulose ether yezinga lokwakha iyanda kancinci ukusuka kwiindawo eziphuhlileyo kwezoqoqosho kunye nezixeko zokuqala nezesibini ukuya kwimimandla esembindini nasentshona kunye nezixeko zezinga lesithathu, amandla okukhula kwemfuno yasekhaya kunye nokwandiswa kwendawo; 2. Isixa se-cellulose ether eyongeziweyo sibangela inxalenye ephantsi yexabiso lezixhobo zokwakha. Isixa esisetyenziswa ngumthengi omnye sincinci, kwaye abathengi basasazekile, nto leyo enokubangela imfuno eqinileyo. Imfuno iyonke kwimarike esezantsi izinzile; 3. Utshintsho lwamaxabiso emarike yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela utshintsho lwesakhiwo semfuno ye-cellulose ether yezinga lokwakha. Ukususela ngo-2012, ixabiso lokuthengisa le-cellulose ether yezinto zokwakha liye lehla kakhulu, nto leyo ebangele ukwehla okukhulu kwixabiso leemveliso eziphakathi ukuya kweziphezulu, nto leyo ebangele ukuba abathengi abaninzi bathenge kwaye bakhethe, nto leyo eyonyusa imfuno yeemveliso eziphakathi ukuya kweziphezulu, kwaye inciphisa imfuno yemarike kunye nendawo yamaxabiso kwiimodeli eziqhelekileyo.
Umgangatho wophuhliso lweshishini lamayeza kunye nesantya sokukhula kweshishini lamayeza kuya kuchaphazela imfuno ye-ether ye-cellulose ye-pharmaceutical grade. Ukuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila yabantu kunye neshishini lokutya eliphuhlileyo kuyanceda ekuqhubeleni phambili imfuno yemarike ye-ether ye-cellulose ye-pharmaceutical-grade.
Indlela yophuhliso lwe-cellulose ether
Ngenxa yokwahluka kwesakhiwo kwimfuno yemarike ye-cellulose ether, iinkampani ezinamandla kunye nobuthathaka obahlukeneyo zinokuhlala kunye. Ngenxa yokwahluka okucacileyo kwesakhiwo semfuno yemarike, abavelisi be-cellulose ether basekhaya bamkele amaqhinga okhuphiswano ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumandla abo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka baqonde kakuhle indlela yophuhliso kunye nesikhokelo semarike.
(1) Ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lomgangatho wemveliso kuya kuba yeyona nto iphambili kukhuphiswano lwamashishini e-cellulose ether
I-Cellulose ether ibangela inxalenye encinci yeendleko zemveliso zamashishini amaninzi asezantsi kweli shishini, kodwa inempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho wemveliso. Amaqela abathengi aphakathi ukuya kwaphezulu kufuneka enze uvavanyo lwefomula ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-cellulose ether. Emva kokwenza ifomula ezinzileyo, kudla ngokuba nzima ukutshintsha ezinye iimpawu zeemveliso, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe kukuzinza komgangatho we-cellulose ether. Le nto iyabonakala ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu ezifana nabavelisi bezinto zokwakha ezinkulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, izinto ezincedisayo zamayeza, izongezo zokutya, kunye ne-PVC. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukhuphiswano lweemveliso, abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba umgangatho kunye nokuzinza kweebhetshi ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose ether abazinikezelayo zinokugcinwa ixesha elide, ukuze kwakhiwe udumo olungcono kwimarike.
(2) Ukuphucula inqanaba lobuchwepheshe bokusetyenziswa kwemveliso yindlela yophuhliso lwamashishini asekhaya e-cellulose ether
Ngenxa yokukhula ngakumbi kweteknoloji yemvelisoi-cellulose ether, inqanaba eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe besicelo linceda ekuphuculeni ukhuphiswano olupheleleyo lwamashishini kunye nokwakhiwa kobudlelwane obuzinzileyo nabathengi. Iinkampani ezaziwayo ze-cellulose ether kumazwe aphuhlileyo zisebenzisa icebo lokhuphiswano "lokujongana nabathengi abakhulu abakumgangatho ophezulu + ukuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa nokusetyenziswa okusezantsi" ukuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kunye neefomyula zokusetyenziswa, kunye nokumisela uthotho lweemveliso ngokweenkalo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwabathengi, kunye nokukhulisa imfuno yemarike esezantsi. Ukhuphiswano lwamashishini e-cellulose ether kumazwe aphuhlileyo luye lwasuka ekungeneni kwemveliso lwaya kukhuphiswano kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe besicelo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-25-2024