Imiterere y'uruhererekane rw'inganda:
(1) Inganda zizamuka
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikenewe mu gukoraeteri ya seluloseharimo ipamba itunganyijwe (cyangwa impumuro y'ibiti) hamwe n'ibindi bintu bisanzwe bisukura imiti, nka propylene oxide, methyl chloride, soda ikoze mu mazi, soda ikoze mu mazi, oxide ya ethylene, toluene n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera. Ibigo by'inganda zikora muri uru rwego birimo ipamba itunganyijwe, ibigo bikora impumuro y'ibiti hamwe n'ibigo bimwe na bimwe bikora imiti. Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byavuzwe haruguru rizagira ingaruka zitandukanye ku giciro cy'umusaruro n'igiciro cyo kugurisha cya ether ya cellulose.
Igiciro cy'ipamba itunganyijwe kiri hejuru cyane. Dufashe urugero rwa ether ya cellulose yo mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, mu gihe cyo gutanga raporo, ikiguzi cy'ipamba itunganijwe cyari 31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59% na 26.90% by'ikiguzi cyo kugurisha ether ya cellulose yo mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ipamba itunganijwe rizagira ingaruka ku giciro cyo gukora ether ya cellulose. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gukora ipamba itunganijwe ni linters z'ipamba. Linters z'ipamba ni kimwe mu bikomoka ku ipamba, ahanini bikoreshwa mu gukora ipamba, ipamba itunganijwe, nitrocellulose n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Agaciro k'ikoreshwa n'ikoreshwa ry'ipamba n'ipamba biratandukanye cyane, kandi igiciro cyabyo kiragaragara ko kiri hasi ugereranije n'ipamba, ariko gifite isano runaka n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ipamba. Ihindagurika ry'igiciro cy'ipamba linters rigira ingaruka ku giciro cy'ipamba itunganijwe.
Ihindagurika rikomeye ry’igiciro cy’ipamba itunganyijwe rizagira ingaruka zitandukanye ku igenzura ry’ibiciro by’umusaruro, ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa n’inyungu z’ibigo muri uru rwego. Iyo igiciro cy’ipamba itunganyijwe kiri hejuru kandi igiciro cy’ipamba itunganijwe kikaba gihendutse, kugira ngo bigabanye ibiciro, ipamba itunganijwe mu giti ishobora gukoreshwa nk’inyongera ku ipamba itunganijwe, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora etha za selulose zifite ubukana buke nka etha za selulose zo mu rwego rw’imiti n’ibiribwa. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka ku rubuga rw’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare, mu 2013, ubuso bw’ipamba mu gihugu cyanjye bwari hegitari miliyoni 4.35, naho umusaruro w’ipamba mu gihugu hose wari toni miliyoni 6.31. Dukurikije imibare y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda za Cellulose mu Bushinwa, mu 2014, umusaruro wose w’ipamba itunganijwe yakozwe n’inganda zikomeye zitunganya ipamba itunganijwe mu gihugu wari toni 332.000, kandi ibikoresho fatizo ni byinshi.
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya graphite ni icyuma na graphite carbone. Igiciro cya carboni y'icyuma na graphite gitanga igipimo kinini cy'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bya graphite. Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibi bikoresho fatizo rizagira ingaruka ku giciro cy'umusaruro n'igiciro cyo kugurisha ibikoresho bya graphite.
(2) Inganda zikora eteri ya selulose
Nk'"umusemburo w'inganda witwa monosodium glutamate", eteri ya selulosi ifite igipimo gito cya eteri ya selulosi kandi ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha. Inganda zo hasi zikwirakwiriye mu ngeri zose z'ubuzima mu bukungu bw'igihugu.
Ubusanzwe, inganda z’ubwubatsi n’inganda zikora imirimo itimukanwa bizagira ingaruka ku gipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe mu nganda zikoresha ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi. Iyo inganda z’ubwubatsi zo mu gihugu n’inganda zikora imirimo itimukanwa ziyongera cyane, isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rikenera ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bikoresha ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi birushaho kwiyongera cyane. Iyo igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’inganda z’ubwubatsi zo mu gihugu n’inganda zikora imirimo itimukanwa kigabanuka, igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe mu nganda zikoresha ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bikoresha ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu kizagabanuka, ibi bikazongera ipiganwa muri uru rwego kandi binihutishe inzira yo kubaho kw’ibigo bifite ubushobozi mu nganda.
Kuva mu 2012, mu rwego rwo kugabanuka k'umuvuduko mu nganda z'ubwubatsi zo mu gihugu no mu nganda zitimukanwa, icyifuzo cya eteri ya cellulose yo mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu nticyigeze gihinduka cyane. Impamvu nyamukuru ni izi zikurikira: 1. Ingano rusange y'inganda z'ubwubatsi zo mu gihugu n'inganda zitimukanwa ni nini, kandi icyifuzo cyose ku isoko ni kinini; isoko ry'abaguzi ba eteri ya cellulose yo mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi rigenda ryaguka buhoro buhoro kuva mu turere twateye imbere mu bukungu no mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri kugera mu turere two hagati n'uburengerazuba n'imijyi yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu, ubushobozi bwo kwiyongera kw'ibikenewe mu gihugu no kwagura umwanya; 2. Ingano ya eteri ya cellulose yongeweho igize igice gito cy'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Amafaranga akoreshwa n'umukiriya umwe ni make, kandi abakiriya baratatanye, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho ubusabe bukomeye. Ubusabe bwose ku isoko ryo hasi burahindagurika; 3. Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro ku isoko ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ihinduka ry'imiterere y'ubusabe bwa eteri ya cellulose yo mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Kuva mu 2012, igiciro cyo kugurisha cya ether y’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi yo mu rwego rwa cellulose cyaragabanutse cyane, ibyo bikaba byarateje igabanuka rikomeye ry’igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa biciriritse kugeza ku binini, bikurura abakiriya benshi kugura no guhitamo, byongera icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa biciriritse kugeza ku binini, kandi bigabanya icyifuzo ku isoko n’umwanya w’ibiciro ku bikoresho bisanzwe.
Iterambere ry’inganda zikora imiti n’umuvuduko w’inganda zikora imiti bizagira ingaruka ku ikenerwa rya eteri ya cellulose yo mu rwego rwa farumasi. Kuzamuka k’imibereho y’abantu n’inganda zikora ibiribwa byateye imbere ni byo bituma isoko ry’inganda zikora eteri ya cellulose yo mu rwego rwa farumasi rirushaho gukenera.
Iterambere rya eteri ya selulose
Bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'imiterere mu gukenera eteri ya selulose ku isoko, amasosiyete afite imbaraga n'intege nke bitandukanye ashobora kubaho. Bitewe n'itandukaniro rigaragara ry'imiterere y'igikenewe ku isoko, abakora eteri ya selulose mu gihugu bashyizeho ingamba zitandukanye zo guhangana hashingiwe ku mbaraga zabo, kandi icyarimwe, bagomba gusobanukirwa neza icyerekezo cy'iterambere n'icyerekezo cy'isoko.
(1) Kugenzura ko ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa buhamye bizaba ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu irushanwa ry'ibigo bya ether bya cellulose
Eteri ya selulosi ifata igice gito cy’ikiguzi cy’umusaruro w’ibigo byinshi biri mu nganda, ariko bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa. Amatsinda y’abakiriya bo hagati kugeza ku bakomeye agomba kugerageza formula mbere yo gukoresha ubwoko runaka bwa eteri ya selulosi. Nyuma yo gukora formula ihamye, akenshi ntibyoroshye gusimbuza ibindi bicuruzwa, kandi icyarimwe, ibisabwa byinshi bishyirwa ku buryo bwiza bwa eteri ya selulosi ihamye. Iki kintu kigaragara cyane mu nzego zigezweho nko mu nganda nini zikora ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi mu gihugu no mu mahanga, ibikoresho by’imiti, inyongeramusaruro z’ibiribwa, na PVC. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo guhangana kw’ibicuruzwa, abakora bagomba kwemeza ko ubwiza n’umutekano by’ubwoko butandukanye bwa eteri ya selulosi batanga bishobora kugumana igihe kirekire, kugira ngo habeho izina ryiza ku isoko.
(2) Kunoza urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga mu ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa ni icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ibigo bya eteri bya cellulose byo mu gihugu
Bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga rigenda rikura mu gukora ibikoresho byaeteri ya seluloseUrwego rwo hejuru rw'ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gukoresha ibintu rufasha mu kunoza ipiganwa ryuzuye ry'ibigo no gushyiraho umubano uhamye n'abakiriya. Ibigo bizwi cyane bya eteri ya cellulose mu bihugu byateye imbere ahanini bikoresha ingamba zo guhangana no "guhangana n'abakiriya banini bo ku rwego rwo hejuru + guteza imbere imikoreshereze n'imikoreshereze y'ibikoresho byo hasi" kugira ngo bitegure imikoreshereze n'imikoreshereze ya eteri ya cellulose, kandi bishyireho urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe amashami atandukanye yo gukoresha kugira ngo byorohereze abakiriya ikoreshwa, kandi biteze imbere icyifuzo cy'isoko ryo hasi. Irushanwa ry'ibigo bya eteri ya cellulose mu bihugu byateye imbere ryavuye ku kwinjira mu bicuruzwa rijya ku gupiganwa mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Mata 2024