Te āhua o te mekameka ahumahi：
(1) Ahumahi whakarunga
Ko ngā rauemi mata matua e hiahiatia ana mō te hanga ote etera cellulosekei roto ko te miro kua parakoretia (te penupenu rakau rānei) me ētahi whakarewa matū noa, pērā i te propylene oxide, te methyl chloride, te wai houra wai, te wai houra wai, te ethylene oxide, te toluene me ētahi atu rauemi āwhina. Ko ngā umanga ahumahi o runga o tēnei umanga ko te miro kua parakoretia, ngā umanga whakaputa penupenu rakau me ētahi umanga matū. Ka rerekē te pānga o ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu o ngā rauemi mata matua kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei ki te utu whakaputa me te utu hoko o te cellulose ether.
He tino teitei te utu mō te miro kua parakoretia. Hei tauira, ko te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga whare, i roto i te wā pūrongo, ko te utu mō te miro kua parakoretia i ahu mai i te 31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59% me te 26.90% o te utu hoko o te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga whare. Ka pā te piki me te heke o te utu o te miro kua parakoretia ki te utu hanga o te cellulose ether. Ko te rauemi mata matua mō te hanga miro kua parakoretia ko ngā miro linters. Ko ngā miro linters tētahi o ngā hua taha o te tukanga hanga miro, e whakamahia ana hei hanga miro penupenu, miro kua parakoretia, nitrocellulose me ētahi atu hua. He tino rerekē te uara whakamahi me te whakamahinga o ngā miro linters me te miro, ā, he iti iho te utu i tō te miro, engari he hononga tōna ki te piki me te heke o te utu o te miro. Ka pā te piki me te heke o te utu o ngā miro linters ki te utu o te miro kua parakoretia.
Ka rerekē ngā pānga o ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu o te miro kua parakore ki te whakahaere i ngā utu whakaputa, te utu hua me te hua o ngā umanga i roto i tēnei ahumahi. Ina teitei te utu o te miro kua parakore, ā, he iti te utu o te penupenu rakau, hei whakaiti i ngā utu, ka taea te whakamahi i te penupenu rakau hei whakakapi me te tāpiri mō te miro kua parakore, e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā etera cellulose he iti te matotoru pērā i ngā etera cellulose rongoā me te kai. E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i te paetukutuku o te Tari Tatauranga ā-Motu, i te tau 2013, ko te rohe whakato miro o tōku whenua he 4.35 miriona heketea, ā, ko te putanga miro ā-motu he 6.31 miriona tana. E ai ki ngā tatauranga mai i te Rōpū Ahumahi Cellulose o Haina, i te tau 2014, ko te putanga katoa o te miro kua parakore i hangaia e ngā kaihanga miro kua parakore nui o te motu he 332,000 tana, ā, he nui te tuku rauemi mata.
Ko te maitai me te waro waro waro te rauemi matua mō te hanga taputapu matū karāhe. Ko te utu o te maitai me te waro waro waro te wāhanga nui o te utu hanga o ngā taputapu matū karāhe. Ka pāngia te utu hanga me te utu hoko o ngā taputapu matū karāhe e ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu o ēnei rauemi mata.
(2) Te ahumahi o raro o te cellulose ether
Hei "monosodium glutamate ahumahi", he iti noa te ōwehenga o te cellulose ether o te cellulose ether, ā, he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga. Kei ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ōhanga o te motu ngā ahumahi o muri mai.
I te nuinga o te wā, ka pā te ahumahi hangahanga o raro me te ahumahi hoko whenua ki te tere tipu o te tono mō te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga. Ina tere te tipu o te ahumahi hanga ā-rohe me te ahumahi hoko whenua, ka tere te tipu o te tono mākete ā-rohe mō te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga. Ina puhoi te tere tipu o te ahumahi hanga ā-rohe me te ahumahi hoko whenua, ka puhoi te tere tipu o te tono mō te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga i te mākete ā-rohe, ka kaha ake te whakataetae i roto i tēnei ahumahi, ka tere ake hoki te tukanga o te oranga o te hunga tino pai i waenga i ngā umanga o tēnei ahumahi.
Mai i te tau 2012, i roto i te horopaki o te puhoi haere o te umanga hanga whare me te umanga hoko whenua, kāore te tono mō te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga i roto i te mākete whare i tino rerekē. Ko ngā take matua ko: 1. He nui te tauine whānui o te umanga hanga whare me te umanga hoko whenua, ā, he nui te tono katoa o te mākete; kei te whānui haere te mākete kaihoko matua o te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga mai i ngā rohe whanaketanga ōhanga me ngā tāone taumata tuatahi me te tuarua ki ngā rohe pokapū me te hauauru me ngā tāone taumata tuatoru, te kaha tipu o te tono ā-whare me te whānui o te wāhi; 2. Ko te nui o te cellulose ether i tāpirihia he iti te ōwehenga o te utu o ngā rauemi hanga. He iti te nui e whakamahia ana e te kiritaki kotahi, ā, he marara ngā kiritaki, he ngāwari ki te tono pakari. He pumau te tono katoa i roto i te mākete o raro; 3. Ko te huringa utu mākete he mea nui e pā ana ki te huringa hanganga tono o te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga. Mai i te tau 2012, kua tino heke te utu hoko o te cellulose ether kounga rauemi hanga, ā, kua tino heke te utu o ngā hua waenga-ki-te-teitei, e kukume ana i ngā kaihoko ki te hoko me te whiriwhiri, e whakapiki ana i te tono mō ngā hua waenga-ki-te-teitei, ā, e whakawhāiti ana i te tono mākete me te wāhi utu mō ngā tauira noa.
Ka pā te whanaketanga o te umanga rongoā me te tere tipu o te umanga rongoā ki te hiahia mō te cellulose ether kounga rongoā. Ko te whakapainga o te paerewa oranga o te tangata me te umanga kai kua whanakehia e whai hua ana ki te akiaki i te hiahia o te mākete mō te cellulose ether kounga kai.
Ko te ia whanaketanga o te cellulose ether
Nā te rerekētanga hanganga o te tono mākete mō te cellulose ether, ka taea e ngā kamupene he rerekē ngā kaha me ngā ngoikoretanga te noho tahi. I runga i te rerekētanga hanganga mārama o te tono mākete, kua whakamahia e ngā kaihanga cellulose ether ā-rohe ngā rautaki whakataetae rerekē i runga i ō rātou ake kaha, ā, i te wa ano, me mārama rātou ki te ia whanaketanga me te ahunga o te mākete.
(1) Ko te whakarite i te pumau o te kounga o te hua ka noho tonu hei kaupapa matua o te whakataetae a ngā umanga cellulose ether.
He iti noa te wāhanga o ngā utu whakaputa o te nuinga o ngā umanga o raro iho i tēnei ahumahi e whakamahi ana i te cellulose ether, engari he nui tōna pānga ki te kounga o te hua. Me whakamātautau ngā rōpū kiritaki waenga-ki-te-teitei i mua i te whakamahi i tētahi waitohu cellulose ether. I muri i te hanganga o tētahi tauira pumau, he uaua ki te whakakapi i ētahi atu waitohu hua, ā, i te wa ano, ka nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō te pumau o te kounga o te cellulose ether. He nui ake te kitea o tēnei āhuatanga i roto i ngā mara teitei pēnei i ngā kaihanga rauemi hanga nui i te kāinga me tāwāhi, ngā mea tāpiri rongoā, ngā tāpiringa kai, me te PVC. Hei whakapai ake i te whakataetae o ngā hua, me whakarite e ngā kaihanga kia mau tonu te kounga me te pumau o ngā puranga rerekē o te cellulose ether e tukuna ana e rātou mō te wā roa, kia pai ake ai te rongonui o te mākete.
(2) Ko te whakapai ake i te taumata o te hangarau tono hua ko te ahunga whanaketanga o ngā umanga cellulose ether ā-rohe.
I te whanaketanga haere o te hangarau whakaputa ote etera cellulose, he taumata teitei ake o te hangarau tono e whai hua ana ki te whakapai ake i te whakataetae whānui o ngā umanga me te hanganga o ngā whanaungatanga kiritaki pumau. Ko ngā kamupene cellulose ether rongonui i ngā whenua whakawhanake e whakamahi ana i te rautaki whakataetae o te "anga atu ki ngā kiritaki nui-mutunga + whakawhanake i ngā whakamahinga me ngā whakamahinga o raro" hei whakawhanake i ngā whakamahinga me ngā tātai whakamahinga cellulose ether, me te whakarite i tētahi raupapa hua kia rite ki ngā mara tono wehewehe rerekē hei whakahaere i te whakamahinga a ngā kiritaki, me te whakatipu i te tono mākete o raro. Kua neke te whakataetae o ngā umanga cellulose ether i ngā whenua whakawhanake mai i te whakaurunga hua ki te whakataetae i roto i te mara o te hangarau tono.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-25-2024