Thepa ea lik'hemik'hale ea HPMC

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)ke ether ea cellulose e seng ea ionic, e leng sehlahisoa se fetotsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale se entsoeng ke karabelo ea cellulose ea tlhaho ka propylene oxide le methyl chloride kamora alkalization. HPMC e na le botsitso bo botle ba 'mele le lik'hemik'hale' me e sebelisoa haholo meriana, thepa ea kaho, lijo, litlolo le masimo a mang. Litšobotsi tsa eona tsa lik'hemik'hale ke tse latelang:

1. Litšobotsi tsa sebopeho sa limolek'hule

Masapo a motheo a HPMC a tsoa ho cellulose ea tlhaho, e entsoeng ka li-unit tsa glucose tse hokahantsoeng ke litlamo tsa β-1,4-glycosidic ho theha ketane ea macromolecular e otlolohileng. Ho hlahisoa ha lihlopha tsa hydroxypropyl le methoxy ho nkela lihlopha tsa hydroxyl (-OH) sebaka ka har'a ketane ea limolek'hule tsa cellulose, ka hona ho e fa thepa e ikhethang. Tekanyo ena ea phetolo (ke hore, tekanyo ea phetolo ea lihlopha tsa methoxy le hydroxypropyl) e na le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ho qhibiliheng, thepa ea gel le botsitso ba HPMC.

2. Ho qhibiliha ha metsi

HPMC ke polymer e tloaelehileng e sa qhibiliheng metsing e ka ruruhang ka potlako metsing a batang mme ya etsa tharollo e bonaletsang kapa e bonaletsang ya colloidal. Leha ho le jwalo, metsing a chesang, HPMC ha e bonolo ho qhibilihisa mme e tla etsa gel mochesong o phahameng. Thepa ena ya gel e ka fetolwang ke e nngwe ya dibopeho tsa bohlokwa tsa mmele le tsa dikhemikhale tsa HPMC. Ntle le metsi, HPMC e ka boela ya qhibilihiswa dihlahisweng tse itseng tsa tlhaho, tse kang solvent e tswakilweng ya ethanol le metsi, dimethylformamide, jj.

3. Ho tsitsa ha mocheso le ho phutholoha ha metsi

HPMC e na le botsitso bo botle ba mocheso. Ha mocheso o ntse o phahama, liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa HPMC ka har'a tharollo ea metsi li tla kopana le ho felloa ke metsi ho theha sebopeho sa marang-rang a mahlakore a mararo, 'me phetoho ho tloha tharollong ho ea ho gel e tla etsahala. Mocheso oa gelation o itšetlehile ka litaba le boima ba limolek'hule tsa lintho tse nkeloang sebaka. Ka kakaretso, HPMC e nang le hydroxypropyl e phahameng e na le mocheso o phahameng oa gelation, ha HPMC e nang le methoxy e phahameng e na le mocheso o tlase oa gelation.

Gelation e ka fetoloa, 'me gel e tla qhibiliha hape boemong ba mokelikeli ka mor'a ho pholile. Thepa ena e ikhethang ea thermogel e etsa hore HPMC e sebelisoe hangata e le thepa e lokollang ka nako e telele indastering ea meriana le ho sebelisoa indastering ea thepa ea kaho ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kaho ea seretse.

4. botsitso ba pH

HPMC e boloka botsitso bo botle maemong a pH a 3 ~ 11. Maemo ana a pharaletseng a botsitso ba pH a e dumella ho sebediswa maemong a fapaneng ntle le ho senyeha kapa ho na ha pula. Ha boleng ba pH bo le tlase ho 3 kapa ho feta 11, tharollo e ka senyeha kapa ya senyeha ka lebaka la maemo a hodimo a di-ion tsa hydrogen kapa di-ion tsa hydroxide, e leng se fellang ka ho fokotseha ha tshebetso.

5. Phetoho ea Lik'hemik'hale

Ka lebaka la boteng ba lihlopha tse ling tsa hydroxyl tse sa nkeloang sebaka molek'huleng ea HPMC, e ntse e boloka ts'ebetso e itseng ea lik'hemik'hale 'me e ka feta liketsong tse latelang:

Karabelo ea ho esterification: Tlas'a maemo a loketseng, HPMC e ka arabela le acyl chloride, li-anhydride, jj. ho etsa li-ester;

Karabelo ea ho fetola ether: Lihlopha tsa hydroxyl tse setseng li ka tsoela pele ho arabela le li-etherifying agents (tse kang li-epoxide) ho fetola boemo ba ho nkeloa sebaka le ts'ebetso ea HPMC;

Karabelo ea oxidation: Ha ho na le li-oxidant tse matla (tse kang potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite), ketane ea limolek'hule ea HPMC e ka 'na ea robeha, e leng se fellang ka ho fokotseha ha viscosity;

Karabelo ea Hydrolysis: Tlas'a ts'ebetso ea li-acid tse matla kapa metheo e matla, liketane tsa lehlakore tsa hydroxypropyl le methoxy li ka 'na tsa haelloa ke hydrolysis, e leng se bakang liphetoho sebopehong sa limolek'hule le ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso.

Ka kakaretso, tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a ts'ebeliso, thepa ea lik'hemik'hale ea HPMC e tsitsitse haholo.

6. Ho bola ha lintho tse phelang

HPMC e nkiloe ho cellulose ea tlhaho, kahoo e ka senyeha hore e be tsoekere e nyane ea limolek'hule tikolohong e itseng ea baeloji (joalo ka tlas'a ts'ebetso ea likokoana-hloko), 'me qetellong ea bola hore e be carbon dioxide le metsi. Ho bola hona ho hotle ho etsa hore HPMC e fihlelle litlhoko tsa thepa e sireletsang tikoloho.

7. Ho lumellana le lintho tse ling

Jwalo ka polymer e seng ya ionic, HPMC e na le tshebedisano e ntle le mefuta e fapaneng ya di-additives tsa ionic kapa tse seng tsa ionic (jwalo ka di-polymer tse ding, di-surfactant, di-thickeners, jj.). Haholo-holo tsamaisong ya ho etsa dihlahiswa, e ka sebetsa le mefuta e fapaneng ya metsoako ya dithethefatsi, dikotla, di-pigment, jj. ntle le pula kapa ho arola ka hara dihlopha.

botsitso ba HPMC tikolohong e nang le electrolyte e ngata bo tla ameha, 'me letsoai le lengata haholo la lintho tse sa pheleng le ka etsa hore viscosity ea tharollo e fokotsehe kapa e be e potlake.

8. Khanyetso ea li-enzyme

Ha e bapisoa le cellulose ea tlhaho,HPMCe ekelitse khanyetso ho cellulase ka lebaka la ho nkeloa sebaka ha lihlopha tse ling tsa hydroxyl, 'me ha e bolehe habonolo ke li-enzyme tse tloaelehileng. Tšobotsi ena e e fa monyetla oa ho lieha ho lokolloa ha meriana tikolohong ea mala.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ke thepa ea tlhaho ea polymer e fetotsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale e nang le ho qhibiliha hantle ha metsi, ho kenella ha mocheso, botsitso ba pH, botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale le ho bola ha lintho tse phelang. Ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona se ikhethang le thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, HPMC e sebelisoa haholo masimong a meriana, thepa ea kaho, liphahlo, lijo, litlolo, jj., haholo-holo mefuteng e hlokang ho teteana, ho lokolloa ho laoloang, ho thehoa ha filimi, ho emisoa, ho emulsification le mesebetsi e meng.