1. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala:
Formic acid (HCOOH): Ndi asidi wosavuta wa carboxylic wokhala ndi formula ya mankhwala ya HCOOH. Umakhala ndi gulu la carboxyl (COOH), pomwe hydrogen imalumikizidwa ku kaboni ndipo mpweya wina umapanga mgwirizano wawiri ndi kaboni.
Sodium formate (HCCONA): Ndi sodium salt ya formic acid. Ma carboxylic hydrogens mu formic acid amalowedwa m'malo ndi sodium ions, zomwe zimapangitsa sodium formate.
2. Kapangidwe ka thupi:
Asidi wa Formic:
Pa kutentha kwa chipinda, formic acid ndi madzi opanda mtundu omwe ali ndi fungo lopweteka.
Kutentha kwake ndi madigiri 100.8 Celsius.
Asidi wa formic amasakanikirana ndi madzi ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe.
Sodium formate:
Sodium formate nthawi zambiri imabwera ngati ufa woyera wooneka ngati hygroscopic.
Imasungunuka m'madzi koma imakhala ndi kusungunuka kochepa mu zinthu zina zachilengedwe.
Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wa ionic, chigawochi chili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi formic acid.
3. Asidi kapena alkaline:
Asidi wa Formic:
Formic acid ndi asidi wofooka amene angapereke ma protoni (H+) mu zochita za mankhwala.
Sodium formate:
Sodium formate ndi mchere wochokera ku formic acid; si acidic. Mu madzi, imasungunuka kukhala sodium ions (Na+) ndi formate ions (HCOO-).
4. Cholinga:
Asidi wa Formic:
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zikopa, nsalu ndi utoto.
Formic acid ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zikopa ndi zikopa za nyama mumakampani opanga zikopa.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chochepetsera komanso chosungira zinthu m'mafakitale ena.
Mu ulimi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chowonjezera kuti ilepheretse kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndi bowa.
Sodium formate:
Sodium formate imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsukira misewu ndi misewu yothamangira ndege.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chochepetsera kutentha m'makampani osindikizira ndi utoto.
Chosakaniza ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola matope mumakampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi.
Sodium formate imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotetezera m'mafakitale ena.
5. Kupanga:
Asidi wa Formic:
Formic acid imapangidwa ndi hydrogenation ya carbon dioxide kapena reaction ya methanol ndi carbon monoxide.
Njira zamafakitale zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyambitsa kutentha kwambiri komanso kupsinjika.
Sodium formate:
Sodium formate nthawi zambiri imapangidwa poletsa formic acid ndi sodium hydroxide.
Sodium formate yomwe imachokera imatha kugawidwa ndi crystallization kapena kupezeka mu mawonekedwe a yankho.
6. Malangizo achitetezo:
Asidi wa Formic:
Asidi wa formic amawononga ndipo amatha kuyambitsa kupsa akakhudza khungu.
Kupuma mpweya wake kungayambitse kuyabwa m'thupi.
Sodium formate:
Ngakhale kuti sodium formate nthawi zambiri imaonedwa kuti ndi yoopsa kwambiri kuposa formic acid, njira zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito komanso kusungira ziyenera kutsatiridwa.
Malangizo achitetezo ayenera kutsatiridwa pogwiritsa ntchito sodium formate kuti apewe zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pa thanzi.
7. Zotsatira za chilengedwe:
Asidi wa Formic:
Asidi wa formic amatha kuwonongeka m'mikhalidwe ina.
Zotsatira zake pa chilengedwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kuyang'ana kwambiri zinthu ndi nthawi yomwe zimaonekera.
Sodium formate:
Sodium formate nthawi zambiri imaonedwa kuti ndi yoteteza chilengedwe ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa poyerekeza ndi zina zotsukira.
8. Mtengo ndi Kupezeka Kwake:
Asidi wa Formic:
Mtengo wa formic acid umasiyana malinga ndi njira yopangira komanso kuyera kwake.
Itha kugulidwa kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana.
Sodium formate:
Sodium formate imagulitsidwa pamtengo wopikisana ndipo kupezeka kwake kumakhudzidwa ndi kufunikira kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Imakonzedwa mwa kuletsa formic acid ndi sodium hydroxide.
Formic acid ndi sodium formate ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi makhalidwe ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Formic acid ndi asidi wofooka yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira mafakitale mpaka ulimi, pomwe sodium formate, mchere wa sodium wa formic acid, umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo monga de-icing, nsalu ndi mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi. Kumvetsetsa makhalidwe awo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino komanso moyenera m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-06-2023