Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa putty isagwere madzi. Pambuyo pofufuza zinthu, kuyesa kwakukulu ndi machitidwe auinjiniya, wolembayo akukhulupirira kuti zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa putty isagwere madzi ndi izi:
Chifukwa 1. Calcium hydroxide (phulusa la calcium ufa) kubwerera ku alkali imayambitsa chikasu. Calcium hydroxide, molekyulu ya Ca (OH) 2, kulemera kwa molekyulu 74, malo osungunuka 5220, pH value ≥ 12, alkaline wamphamvu, ufa woyera wabwino, Wosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, wosungunuka mu asidi, glycerin, shuga, ammonium chloride, wosungunuka mu asidi kuti atulutse kutentha kwambiri, kuchuluka kwake ndi 2.24, yankho lake lomveka bwino lamadzi ndi madzi opanda mtundu, opanda fungo la alkaline, pang'onopang'ono. Poyamwa, calcium oxide imakhala calcium carbonate. Calcium hydroxide ndi alkaline wamphamvu pang'ono, alkaline yake ndi yofooka kuposa sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide ndi yankho lake lamadzi zimawononga khungu la anthu, zovala, ndi zina zotero, koma sizowopsa, ndipo siziyenera kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi khungu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Calcium hydroxide ndi chodzaza madzi mu putty yosalowa madzi kuti ipange filimu yolimba yokhala ndi calcium carbonate yolemera komanso ufa wa rabara wowala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha alkalinity yake yamphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa alkali, gawo lina la madzi mu putty lidzayamwa ndi maziko a khoma panthawi yomanga. Pansi pa matope a simenti ya alkaline yomweyi, kapena pansi pa mchenga-laimu (laimu, mchenga, simenti yochepa) imayamwa, pamene gawo la putty limauma pang'onopang'ono ndipo madzi amasinthasintha, zinthu za alkaline mu matope apansi ndi putty ndipo zina mwa izo zimakhala zosakhazikika pambuyo pa hydrolysis. Zinthu mu putty (monga chitsulo chachitsulo, chitsulo chachitsulo, ndi zina zotero) zidzatuluka kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono a putty, ndipo mankhwala adzachitika atakumana ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa putty pakhale chikasu.
Chifukwa 2. Mpweya wachilengedwe wosakhazikika. Monga carbon monoxide (CO), sulfure dioxide (SO2), benzene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde, pyrotechnics, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zina zauinjiniya, pakhala zochitika pomwe pamwamba pa putty pakhala pachikasu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito utoto ndi moto kuti utenthe m'chipinda momwe putty yosalowa madzi yangokanda, kapena ngakhale kuyatsa zofukiza m'chipindamo, komanso anthu ambiri akusuta nthawi imodzi.
Chifukwa 3. Zotsatira za nyengo ndi zachilengedwe. Kudera lakumpoto, panthawi yosinthana kwa nyengo, pamwamba pa putty nthawi zambiri pamakhala chikasu kuyambira Novembala mpaka Meyi chaka chotsatira, koma izi ndi zochitika zapadera.
Chifukwa 4. Mpweya wabwino ndi kuumitsa sizili bwino. Khoma ndi lonyowa. Mukamaliza kukanda putty yosalowa madzi, ngati wosanjikiza wa putty sunaume kwathunthu, kutseka zitseko ndi mawindo kwa nthawi yayitali kungapangitse kuti pamwamba pa putty pakhale chikasu mosavuta.
Chifukwa 5. Mavuto a mizu ya udzu. Pansi pa khoma lakale nthawi zambiri pamakhala khoma lofiirira ngati mchenga (laimu, mchenga, simenti yochepa, ndi zina zosakanikirana ndi gypsum). Ambuye, komabe pali madera ambiri komwe makoma amapakidwa ndi laimu ndi plaster. Zipangizo zambiri za khoma ndi zamchere. Putty ikakhudza khoma, madzi ena amatengedwa ndi khoma. Pambuyo pa hydrolysis ndi oxidation, zinthu zina, monga alkali ndi iron, zimatuluka kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono a khoma. Mankhwala amayamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa putty pakhale chikasu.
Chifukwa 6. Zinthu zina. Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, padzakhalanso zinthu zina zomwe ziyenera kufufuzidwa kwambiri.
Yankho loletsa madzi kuti asabwerere ku chikasu:
Njira 1. Gwiritsani ntchito chotchingira kumbuyo potseka kumbuyo.
Njira 2. Pakukongoletsa khoma lakale, putty wamba wotsika kwambiri womwe sungathe kulowetsedwa madzi komanso wosavuta kupukutidwa unayamba wakwezedwa kale. Musanagwiritse ntchito putty yapamwamba kwambiri, muyenera kukonza zaukadaulo kaye. Njira yake ndi iyi: choyamba thirani madzi kuti munyowetse pamwamba pa khoma, ndikugwiritsa ntchito spatula kuti mupukute. Chotsani putty yonse yakale ndi utoto (mpaka pansi pake) ndikuyeretsa. Khoma likauma kwathunthu, litsukeninso ndikugwiritsa ntchito chothandizira kumbuyo kuti muphimbe chithandizo chakumbuyo, kenako pukutani putty yosatha madzi.
Njira 3. Pewani mpweya woipa wa mankhwala ndi zozimitsa moto. Pa ntchito yomanga, makamaka pamene putty siuma bwino mutamaliza kumanga, musasute kapena kuyatsa moto m'nyumba kuti mutenthetse, ndipo musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala oipa monga utoto ndi zozimitsa zake m'nyumba mkati mwa miyezi itatu.
Njira 4. Sungani malo opumira mpweya komanso owuma. Musanaume bwino ndi putty yosalowa madzi, musatseke zitseko ndi mawindo mwamphamvu, koma tsegulani mawindo kuti mpweya ulowe, kuti puttyyo iume mwachangu.
Njira 5. Kuchuluka koyenera kwa 462 modified ultramarine kungawonjezedwe ku putty yosalowa madzi. Njira yeniyeni: Malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha 462 modified ultramarine: putty powder = 0.1: 1000, choyamba onjezani ultramarine mu kuchuluka kwa madzi, sakanizani kuti musungunuke ndikusefa, onjezerani yankho lamadzi la ultramarine ndi madzi mu chidebe, kenako kanikizani madzi onse: putty powder = 0.5 : 1 weight ratio, ikani putty powder mu chidebe, sakanizani mofanana ndi chosakanizira kuti mupange mkaka wokometsera, kenako mugwiritse ntchito. Mayesowa akusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa buluu wa ultramarine kungalepheretse pamwamba pa putty kusanduka chikasu mpaka pamlingo winawake.
Njira 6. Pa putty yomwe yasanduka yachikasu, chithandizo chaukadaulo chikufunika. Njira yochizira yonse ndi iyi: choyamba ikani primer pamwamba pa putty, kenako kolani ndikupaka putty yapamwamba kwambiri kapena burashi ya latex yamkati mwa khoma.
Fotokozani mfundo zomwe zili pamwambapa:
Kuwoneka kwachikasu pamwamba pa utoto wosalowa madzi ndi utoto woyerekeza wa porcelain kumakhudza zinthu zambiri monga zipangizo zopangira, momwe zinthu zilili, nyengo, maziko a makoma, ukadaulo womanga, ndi zina zotero. Ndi vuto lovuta kwambiri, ndipo kafukufuku wowonjezereka ndi kukambirana kukufunika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-28-2024