Ibintu by'ingenzi bituma ubuso bwa putty idashobora amazi buhinduka umuhondo Nyuma y'ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho, igerageza ryinshi n'imyitozo y'ubuhanga, umwanditsi yizera ko ibintu by'ingenzi bituma ubuso bwa putty idashobora amazi buhinduka umuhondo ni ibi bikurikira:
Impamvu ya 1. Kalisiyumu hidroksidi (ifu ya kalisiyumu y'ivu) isubira muri alkali itera umuhondo Kalisiyumu hidroksidi, formula ya molekile Ca (OH) 2, uburemere bwa molekile 74, aho gushonga 5220, agaciro ka pH ≥ 12, alkali ikomeye, ifu nziza y'umweru, Ishonga gato mu mazi, ishonga muri aside, glycerin, isukari, ammonium chloride, ishonga muri aside kugira ngo ikuremo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubucucike ni 2.24, umuti wayo w'amazi usobanutse ni amazi adafite ibara, adafite impumuro, buhoro buhoro Ikamyuka, kalisiyumu oxyde ihinduka kalisiyumu karubonati. Kalisiyumu hidroksidi ni alkali ikomeye ku rugero, alkali yayo n'ubushyuhe bwayo birakomeye kurusha kalisiyumu hidroksidi, kalisiyumu hidroksidi n'umuti wayo w'amazi birangiza uruhu rw'umuntu, imyenda, nibindi, ariko ntabwo ari uburozi, kandi ntibigomba gukorana n'uruhu igihe kirekire.
Kalisiyumu hidroksidi ni icyuma gikoresha putty kidapfa amazi kugira ngo gikore firime ikomeye irimo kalisiyumu karubone nini n'ifu y'umukara ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kubera ko ifite alkali nyinshi kandi ifite alkali nyinshi, igice cy'amazi ari muri putty kizanyurwa n'urukuta mu gihe cyo kubaka. Igice kimwe cy'isima ifite alkali nyinshi, cyangwa hasi h'umucanga-lime (lime, umucanga, sima nke) kiranyurwa, uko urwego rw'isima rugenda rwuma kandi amazi agahinduka ubushyuhe, ibintu bya alkali biri mu gice cyo hasi cy'isima na putty ndetse na bimwe muri byo ntibihinduka nyuma yo gushonga. Ibintu biri muri putty (nk'icyuma cya ferrous, ferric iron, nibindi) bizasohoka binyuze mu mwenge muto w'isima, kandi hazabaho uburyo bwo gukora imiti nyuma yo guhura n'umwuka, bigatuma ubuso bw'isima buhinduka umuhondo.
Impamvu ya 2. Imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Nka monoxide de carbone (CO), dioxyde de sulfur (SO2), benzene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde, pyrotechnics, nibindi. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhanga, habayeho aho ubuso bwa putty bwahindutse umuhondo bitewe no gukoresha irangi n’umuriro kugira ngo bikomeze gushyuha mu cyumba aho putty idakira amazi yakuweho, cyangwa ndetse no gutwika imibavu mu cyumba, ndetse n’abantu benshi banywa itabi icyarimwe.
Impamvu ya 3. Ingaruka z'ikirere n'ibidukikije. Mu karere k'amajyaruguru, mu gihe cyo guhanahana ibihe, ubuso bwa putty bukunze kuba umuhondo kuva mu Gushyingo kugeza muri Gicurasi umwaka utaha, ariko iki ni ikintu cyonyine.
Impamvu ya 4. Uburyo bwo guhumeka no kumisha ntabwo ari bwiza. Urukuta ruratose. Nyuma yo gukurura putty idashobora amazi, niba urwego rwa putty rutaruma neza, gufunga inzugi n'amadirishya igihe kirekire bizatuma ubuso bwa putty buhinduka umuhondo byoroshye.
Impamvu ya 5. Ibibazo by'imizi y'ubutaka. Ahansi h'urukuta rwa kera muri rusange ni urukuta rw'umucanga (lime, umucanga, sima nke, ndetse n'izindi zivanze na gypsum). Mana, ariko haracyari ahantu henshi inkuta zisigwa lime na plaster. Ibikoresho byinshi ku rukuta ni alkaline. Nyuma yuko putty ikoze ku rukuta, amazi amwe azanyurwa n'urukuta. Nyuma yo gushonga no gushonga, ibintu bimwe na bimwe, nka alkaline na fer, bizasohoka binyuze mu mwenge muto w'urukuta. Habaho reaction ya chemical, bigatuma ubuso bwa putty buhinduka umuhondo.
Impamvu ya 6. Izindi mpamvu. Uretse impamvu zavuzwe haruguru zishobora kubaho, hari n'izindi mpamvu zigomba gusuzumwa cyane.
Umuti wo kwirinda ko putty idashobora amazi isubira kuba umuhondo:
Uburyo bwa 1. Koresha ikintu gifunga inyuma kugira ngo ufunge inyuma.
Uburyo bwa 2. Ku bijyanye no gushushanya inkuta zishaje, putty isanzwe yoroshye kuyirinda amazi kandi yoroshye kuyisya yabanje gukurwaho. Mbere yo gukoresha putty irwanya amazi yoroshye kuyisya, hagomba kubanza gukorwa isuku ya tekiniki. Uburyo ni ubu: banza utere amazi kugira ngo utose hejuru y'urukuta, hanyuma ukoreshe agapira ko kuyihanagura Kuramo putty yose ishaje hanyuma uyisiga irangi (kugeza hasi ikomeye) hanyuma uyisukure. Nyuma y'uko urukuta rwumye burundu, ongera urusukure hanyuma ushyireho agakoresho ko kuyitwikira inyuma, hanyuma uhanagure putty irwanya amazi.
Uburyo bwa 3. Irinde imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'ibishashi by'umuriro. Mu gihe cyo kubaka, cyane cyane iyo putty itarakama burundu nyuma yo kubaka, ntukanywe itabi cyangwa ngo wongere umuriro mu nzu kugira ngo ushyushye, kandi ntugakoreshe imiti ihumanya ikirere nk'irangi n'ibindi biyigabanya mu nzu mu mezi atatu.
Uburyo bwa 4. Gumisha aho hantu hari umwuka kandi humye. Mbere yuko putty idashobora amazi yumuka burundu, ntugafunge inzugi n'amadirishya neza, ahubwo fungura amadirishya kugira ngo umwuka uhumeke, kugira ngo urwego rwa putty rushobore kuma vuba bishoboka.
Uburyo bwa 5. Ingano ikwiye ya 462 modified ultramarine ishobora kongerwa kuri putty idashobora amazi. Uburyo bwihariye: Dukurikije igipimo cya 462 modified ultramarine: putty powder = 0.1: 1000, banza wongere ultramarine mu mazi runaka, uvange kugira ngo ishonge hanyuma uyungurure, ongeramo amazi ya ultramarine n'amazi mu gikoresho, hanyuma ukande amazi yose: putty powder = 0.5 : 1 uburemere, shyira putty powder mu gikoresho, uvange neza ukoresheje icyuma givanga kugira ngo ukore amata meza, hanyuma uyakoreshe. Ikizamini kigaragaza ko kongeramo ingano runaka y'ubururu bwa ultramarine bishobora kubuza ubuso bwa putty guhinduka umuhondo ku rugero runaka.
Uburyo bwa 6. Ku ifu yahindutse umuhondo, hakenewe uburyo bwa tekiniki bwo kuyitunganya. Uburyo rusange bwo kuyitunganya ni ubu: banza ushyireho agapira k'inyongera ku buso bwa ifu, hanyuma ukarabe hanyuma ushyireho irangi rya latex ririnda amazi cyangwa irangi ry'imbere mu rukuta.
Vuga muri make ingingo zavuzwe haruguru:
Ibara ry'umuhondo ry'ubuso bw'amavuta adapfa amazi n'irangi ryigana rya porcelain rikubiyemo ibintu byinshi nko ibikoresho fatizo, imiterere y'ibidukikije, imiterere y'ikirere, urufatiro rw'inkuta, ikoranabuhanga mu bwubatsi, nibindi. Ni ikibazo kigoye cyane, kandi hakenewe ubushakashatsi n'ibiganiro birambuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Mata 2024