Gypsum yochotsa sulfurization ndi mpweya wotuluka womwe umapangidwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mafuta okhala ndi sulfure (malasha, mafuta), zinyalala zolimba zamafakitale zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yoyeretsa sulfurization, ndi gypsum ya hemihydrate (mankhwala a CaSO4· 0.5H2O), magwiridwe antchito ake ndi ofanana ndi a gypsum yomanga zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, pali kafukufuku wochulukirapo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito gypsum yochotsa sulfur m'malo mwa gypsum yachilengedwe popanga zinthu zodziyimira payokha. Zosakaniza za polymer zachilengedwe monga chochepetsera madzi, chosungira madzi ndi choletsa ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu zodziyimira payokha. Kuyanjana ndi njira ziwirizi ndi zinthu zomangira simenti ndi nkhani zofunika kuziganizira. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a njira yopangira, kusalala kwa gypsum yochotsa sulfur ndi kochepa (kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumagawidwa makamaka pakati pa 40 ndi 60 μm), ndipo kugawa kwa ufa sikumveka bwino, kotero mphamvu za rheological za gypsum yochotsa sulfurization ndizochepa, ndipo matope okonzedwa ndi matope nthawi zambiri amakhala osavuta. Kusiyanitsa, kugawa ndi kutuluka magazi kumachitika. Cellulose ether ndiye chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu matope, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pamodzi ndi chochepetsera madzi ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira kuti zinthu zodziyeretsera zokha monga zomangamanga komanso magwiridwe antchito a makina komanso kulimba pambuyo pake zigwire ntchito.
Mu pepalali, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro chowongolera (digiri yofalikira 145 mm±5 mm), kuyang'ana kwambiri momwe zinthu za cellulose ether ndi kulemera kwa molekyulu (mtengo wa kukhuthala) zimakhudzira madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zodziyimira pawokha za gypsum, kutayika kwa madzi pakapita nthawi, ndi kugawanika kwa madzi. Lamulo la mphamvu ya zinthu zoyambira monga nthawi ndi mphamvu zoyambirira zamakina; nthawi yomweyo, yesani lamulo la mphamvu ya cellulose ether pa kutulutsa kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa kutulutsidwa kwa kutentha kwa gypsum hydration, fufuzani mphamvu yake pa njira yamadzimadzi ya gypsum, ndipo poyamba kambiranani za mtundu uwu wa kusakaniza. Kugwirizana ndi dongosolo la desulfurization gypsum gelling.
1. Zipangizo zopangira ndi njira zoyesera
1.1 Zipangizo zopangira
Ufa wa gypsum: ufa wa gypsum wosasungunuka womwe umapangidwa ndi kampani ku Tangshan, kapangidwe kake ka mchere ndi hemihydrate gypsum, kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kakuwonetsedwa mu Table 1, ndipo mawonekedwe ake akuthupi akuwonetsedwa mu Table 2.
chithunzi
chithunzi
Zosakaniza zimaphatikizapo: cellulose ether (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC mwachidule); superplasticizer WR; defoamer B-1; EVA redispersible latex powder S-05, zonse zomwe zimapezeka m'masitolo.
Chophatikiza: mchenga wachilengedwe wa m'mtsinje, mchenga wabwino wopangidwa wodzipangira wosefedwa kudzera mu sefa ya 0.6 mm.
1.2 Njira yoyesera
Gypsum yosungunuka yosungunuka: mchenga: madzi = 1:0.5:0.45, kuchuluka koyenera kwa zosakaniza zina, kusinthasintha ngati index yowongolera (kukula 145 mm ± 5 mm), mwa kusintha momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito, motsatana kusakanikirana ndi zinthu zomangira simenti (gypsum yosungunuka yosungunuka + Simenti) 0, 0.5‰, 1.0‰, 2.0‰, 3.0‰ cellulose ether (HPMC-20,000); Konzaninso mlingo wa ether ya cellulose ku 1‰, sankhani ma ether a HPMC-20,000, HPMC-40,000, HPMC-75,000, ndi HPMC-100,000 a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose okhala ndi kulemera kosiyanasiyana kwa mamolekyu (manambala ofanana ndi H2, H4, H7.5, ndi H10 motsatana), kuti muphunzire mlingo ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyu (mtengo wokhuthala) wa ether ya cellulose. Zotsatira za kusintha kwa zinthu za matope odziyimira pawokha a gypsum, komanso momwe zinthu ziwirizi zimakhudzira kusinthasintha, nthawi yokhazikitsira ndi zinthu zoyambirira zamakina a matope osakanikirana a gypsum odziyimira pawokha afotokozedwa. Njira yeniyeni yoyesera imachitika mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za GB/T 17669.3-1999 "Kudziwa Zinthu za Makina a Gypsum Yomanga".
Kuyesa kutentha kwa madzi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chopanda kanthu cha gypsum yosungunuka ndi zitsanzo zokhala ndi ether ya cellulose ya 0.5‰ ndi 3‰, motsatana, ndipo chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi choyesera kutentha kwa madzi cha mtundu wa TA-AIR.
2. Zotsatira ndi kusanthula
2.1 Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa etha ya cellulose pa zinthu zoyambira za matope
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mkati mwake, kugwira ntchito ndi kugwirizana kwa matope kumawonjezeka kwambiri, kutayika kwa madzi pakapita nthawi kumachepa kwambiri, ndipo magwiridwe antchito omanga ndi abwino kwambiri, ndipo matope olimba alibe vuto lolekanitsa, ndipo kusalala kwa pamwamba, kusalala ndi kukongola kwakhala bwino kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kwa matope kuti akwaniritse kusinthasintha komweko kunawonjezeka kwambiri. Pa 5‰, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kunawonjezeka ndi 102%, ndipo nthawi yomaliza yokhazikitsa inakulitsidwa ndi mphindi 100, zomwe zinali nthawi 2.5 kuposa chitsanzo chopanda kanthu. Kapangidwe koyambirira ka makina a matope kanachepa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose. Pamene kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose kunali 5‰, mphamvu yosinthasintha ya maola 24 ndi mphamvu yokakamiza inachepa kufika pa 18.75% ndi 11.29% ya chitsanzo chopanda kanthu motsatana. Mphamvu yokakamiza ndi 39.47% ndi 23.45% ya chitsanzo chopanda kanthu motsatana. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosungira madzi, kuchuluka kwa matope ambiri kunachepanso kwambiri, kuchoka pa 2069 kg/m3 pa 0 mpaka 1747 kg/m3 pa 5‰, kuchepa kwa 15.56%. Kuchuluka kwa matope kumachepa ndipo porosity imawonjezeka, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope achepetse mphamvu zake zamagetsi.
Cellulose ether ndi polima yopanda ionic. Magulu a hydroxyl omwe ali pa unyolo wa cellulose ether ndi maatomu a okosijeni omwe ali pa bond ya ether amatha kusakanikirana ndi mamolekyu amadzi kuti apange ma hydrogen bonds, kusandutsa madzi omasuka kukhala madzi omangika, motero amatenga gawo pakusunga madzi. Macroscopically Imawonetsedwa ngati kuwonjezeka kwa mgwirizano wa slurry [5]. Kuwonjezeka kwa slurry viscosity sikungowonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, komanso cellulose ether yosungunuka idzamizidwa pamwamba pa tinthu ta gypsum, kulepheretsa hydration reaction ndikuwonjezera nthawi yokhazikika; panthawi yosakaniza, kuchuluka kwa thovu la mpweya kudzayambitsidwanso. Zopanda kanthu zidzapangidwa pamene slurry ikulimba, pamapeto pake kuchepetsa mphamvu ya slurry. Poganizira mokwanira momwe slurry imagwiritsidwira ntchito limodzi ndi madzi, momwe imagwirira ntchito, nthawi yokhazikika ndi mawonekedwe a makina, komanso kulimba pambuyo pake, ndi zina zotero, kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether mu slurry yokhazikika ya gypsum sikuyenera kupitirira 1‰.
2.2 Zotsatira za kulemera kwa maselo a cellulose ether pa ntchito ya matope
Kawirikawiri, kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso kusalala kwa ether ya cellulose, kumakhala bwino kusunga madzi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yolumikizira. Kuchita bwino kudzakhudzidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya ma ether a cellulose amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya molekyulu pa zinthu zoyambira za gypsum-based self-leveling matope idayesedwanso. Kufunika kwa madzi kwa matope kudakwera mpaka pamlingo winawake, koma sikunakhudze nthawi yokhazikitsa ndi kusinthasintha. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu zopindika ndi zopondereza za matope m'maboma osiyanasiyana zidawonetsa kutsika, koma kuchepa kunali kochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya ether ya cellulose pa zinthu zamakina. Mwachidule, kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a ether ya cellulose sikukhudza momwe matope amagwirira ntchito. Poganizira momwe ntchito yomangira imakhalira, kukhuthala kochepa komanso ether ya cellulose yolemera pang'ono iyenera kusankhidwa ngati zipangizo zodziyimira zokha zochokera ku gypsum.
2.3 Zotsatira za ether ya cellulose pa kutentha kwa madzi a gypsum yosungunuka
Pamene kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose kunawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa madzi a gypsum yosungunuka m'madzi kunachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi ya malo otsetsereka inachedwa pang'ono, pomwe kutentha kwa madzi a exothermic kunachepa, koma osati moonekeratu. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ether ya cellulose imatha kuchedwetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi a gypsum yosungunuka m'madzi mpaka pamlingo winawake, kotero mlingo suyenera kukhala waukulu kwambiri, ndipo uyenera kulamulidwa mkati mwa 1‰. Zikuoneka kuti filimu ya colloidal yomwe imapangidwa pambuyo poti ether ya cellulose ikumana ndi madzi imayamwa pamwamba pa tinthu ta gypsum yosungunuka m'madzi, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi a gypsum isanakwane maola awiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kusunga kwake madzi ndi kukhuthala kwake kumachedwetsa kutuluka kwa madzi a slurry ndipo Kutaya madzi kumathandiza kuti gypsum yosungunuka m'madzi ipitirire. Mwachidule, pamene mlingo woyenera ukulamulidwa, ether ya cellulose imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa pa kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi a gypsum yosungunuka m'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ether mu cellulose ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyulu kudzawonjezera kwambiri kukhuthala kwa slurry ndikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri osungira madzi. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti matope odziyimira pawokha a gypsum omwe sanasungunuke bwino akutuluka, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kudzawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yoyika matope. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamakanika.
3. Mapeto
(1) Pamene madzimadzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro chowongolera, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa etha ya cellulose, nthawi yokhazikitsira matope odziyimira okha a gypsum omwe ali ndi sulfur imatalikitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo makhalidwe a makina amachepetsedwa kwambiri; poyerekeza ndi zomwe zili, kulemera kwa maselo a etha ya cellulose Kuwonjezekako sikukhudza kwenikweni makhalidwe omwe ali pamwambapa a matope. Poganizira mokwanira, etha ya cellulose iyenera kusankhidwa ndi kulemera kochepa kwa maselo (mtengo wokhuthala wochepera 20 000 Pa·s), ndipo mlingo uyenera kulamulidwa mkati mwa 1‰ ya zinthu zomangira simenti.
(2) Zotsatira za mayeso a kutentha kwa madzi a gypsum yochotsedwa sulfuri zikusonyeza kuti mkati mwa mayesowa, cellulose ether ili ndi mphamvu yochepa pa kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi njira yothira madzi ya gypsum yochotsedwa sulfuri. Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope opangidwa ndi gypsum yochotsedwa sulfuri achepe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-08-2023