Gypsum na rage yawan sinadarin gypsum shine iskar gas da ake samarwa ta hanyar konewar mai mai ɗauke da sulfur (kwal, man fetur), sharar masana'antu da ake samarwa yayin aikin tsarkakewa, da kuma gypsum na hemihydrate (ƙirar sinadarai CaSO4· 0.5H2O), aikin yana kama da na gypsum na halitta. Saboda haka, ana samun ƙarin bincike da aikace-aikace na amfani da gypsum na cire sinadarin gypsum maimakon gypsum na halitta don samar da kayan da ke rage yawan sinadarin. Haɗakar polymer na halitta kamar wakilin rage ruwa, wakilin riƙe ruwa da mai hana ruwa su ne muhimman abubuwan aiki a cikin abun da ke cikin kayan turmi mai rage yawan sinadarin. Hulɗa da tsarin su biyun da kayan siminti matsaloli ne da suka cancanci a kula da su ɗaya. Saboda halayen tsarin samuwar, ƙarancin gypsum na cire sinadarin gypsum ƙarami ne (girman barbashi galibi yana rarraba tsakanin 40 da 60 μm), kuma canjin foda ba shi da ma'ana, don haka kaddarorin rheological na gypsum na cire sinadarin gypsum ba su da kyau, kuma slurry ɗin da aka shirya ta sau da yawa yana da sauƙi Rabawa, rarrabuwa da zubar jini suna faruwa. Cellulose ether shine cakuda da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin turmi, kuma amfani da shi tare da wakilin rage ruwa muhimmin garanti ne don cimma cikakken aikin kayan gypsum masu daidaita kansu kamar aikin gini da kuma aikin injiniya da dorewa daga baya.
A cikin wannan takarda, ana amfani da ƙimar ruwa a matsayin ma'aunin sarrafawa (matakin yaduwa 145 mm±5 mm), yana mai da hankali kan tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin cellulose ether da nauyin kwayoyin halitta (ƙimar ɗanko) akan amfani da ruwa na kayan gypsum masu daidaita kansu, asarar ruwa akan lokaci, da kuma coagulation Dokar tasirin kaddarorin asali kamar lokaci da kaddarorin injiniya na farko; a lokaci guda, gwada dokar tasirin cellulose ether akan sakin zafi da ƙimar sakin zafi na hydration na gypsum mai narkewa, bincika tasirinsa akan tsarin hydration na gypsum mai narkewa, kuma da farko tattauna wannan nau'in haɗin gwiwa. Dacewar da ke tattare da tsarin gypsum mai narkewa.
1. Kayan aiki da hanyoyin gwaji
1.1 Kayan da aka samo asali
Garin Gypsum: Garin gypsum mai narkewar sulfur wanda wani kamfani a Tangshan ke samarwa, babban sinadarin ma'adinai shine gypsum mai hemihydrate, an nuna sinadarin sa a cikin Jadawali na 1, kuma an nuna halayen sa na zahiri a Jadawali na 2.
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Haɗin sun haɗa da: cellulose ether (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC a takaice); superplasticizer WR; defoamer B-1; EVA redispersible latex foda S-05, duk ana samun su a kasuwa.
Tarawa: yashi na halitta na kogin, yashi mai kyau da aka yi da kansa wanda aka tace ta hanyar sieve mai girman 0.6 mm.
1.2 Hanyar gwaji
Gypsum ɗin desulfurization da aka gyara: yashi: ruwa = 1:0.5:0.45, adadin sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa, ruwa mai yawa kamar ma'aunin sarrafawa (faɗaɗawa 145 mm ± 5 mm), ta hanyar daidaita yawan ruwan da ake sha, bi da bi gauraya da kayan siminti (gypsum ɗin desulfurization + Siminti) 0, 0.5 ‰, 1.0 ‰, 2.0 ‰, 3.0 ‰ cellulose ether (HPMC-20,000); Ƙara daidaita adadin cellulose ether zuwa 1‰, zaɓi HPMC-20,000, HPMC-40,000, HPMC-75,000, da HPMC-100,000 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ethers tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban (lambobin da suka dace sune H2, H4, H7.5, da H10 bi da bi), don nazarin adadin da nauyin kwayoyin halitta (ƙimar ɗanko) na cellulose ether. An tattauna tasirin canje-canje akan kaddarorin turmi mai daidaita kansa na gypsum, da tasirin su biyu akan ruwa, lokacin saitawa da kaddarorin injiniya na farkon cakuda turmi mai daidaita kansa na gypsum. Ana gudanar da takamaiman hanyar gwaji bisa ga buƙatun GB/T 17669.3-1999 "Ƙayyade kaddarorin injiniya na Gina Gypsum".
Ana yin gwajin zafin ruwa ta amfani da samfurin gypsum mara komai da aka cire daga cikin ruwa da samfuran da ke ɗauke da sinadarin cellulose ether na 0.5 da 3, bi da bi, kuma kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su shine na'urar gwajin zafi na TA-AIR.
2. Sakamako da nazari
2.1 Tasirin sinadarin cellulose ether akan muhimman kaddarorin turmi
Tare da ƙaruwar abun ciki, ƙarfin aiki da haɗin gwiwar turmi ya inganta sosai, asarar ruwa a kan lokaci ya ragu sosai, kuma aikin ginin ya fi kyau, kuma turmi mai tauri ba shi da wani abin da zai iya lalata shi, kuma santsi, santsi da kyawun yanayi sun inganta sosai. A lokaci guda, yawan ruwan turmi don cimma irin wannan ruwan ya ƙaru sosai. A 5‰, yawan ruwan ya ƙaru da kashi 102%, kuma lokacin saitawa na ƙarshe ya tsawaita da minti 100, wanda ya ninka na samfurin da babu komai sau 2.5. Abubuwan da suka fara amfani da turmi sun ragu sosai tare da ƙaruwar abun cikin cellulose ether. Lokacin da abun cikin cellulose ether ya kasance 5‰, ƙarfin lanƙwasa da ƙarfin matsi na awanni 24 sun ragu zuwa 18.75% da 11.29% na samfurin da babu komai bi da bi. Ƙarfin matsi shine 39.47% da 23.45% na samfurin da babu komai bi da bi. Ya kamata a lura cewa tare da ƙaruwar adadin sinadarin da ke riƙe ruwa, yawan turmi shi ma ya ragu sosai, daga 2069 kg/m3 a 0 zuwa 1747 kg/m3 a 5‰, raguwar 15.56%. Yawan turmi yana raguwa kuma ramukan suna ƙaruwa, wanda shine ɗayan dalilan raguwar a bayyane a cikin halayen injiniya na turmi.
Cellulose ether wani polymer ne wanda ba ionic ba. Rukunin hydroxyl a kan sarkar ether cellulose da kuma atom ɗin oxygen a kan haɗin ether na iya haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin ruwa don samar da haɗin hydrogen, suna mai da ruwa kyauta zuwa ruwa mai ɗaure, don haka suna taka rawa wajen riƙe ruwa. A macroscopic Ana bayyana shi a matsayin ƙaruwa a cikin haɗin slurry [5]. Ƙarar dankowar slurry ba wai kawai zai ƙara yawan shan ruwa ba, har ma da cellulose ether da aka narkar za a shanye shi a saman barbashi na gypsum, yana hana amsawar ruwa da tsawaita lokacin saitawa; yayin aikin juyawa, za a kuma shigar da adadi mai yawa na kumfa na iska. Raguwa za su kasance yayin da turmi ke taurare, daga ƙarshe rage ƙarfin turmi. Idan aka yi la'akari da yawan ruwan da aka sha na cakuda turmi, aikin gini, lokacin saitawa da halayen injiniya, da kuma dorewa daga baya, da sauransu, abubuwan da ke cikin cellulose ether a cikin turmi mai daidaita kansa na gypsum wanda aka cire sulfurized bai kamata ya wuce 1‰ ba.
2.2 Tasirin nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta na cellulose ether akan aikin turmi
Yawanci, yayin da yawan danko da kuma ƙarancin sinadarin cellulose ether, haka nan kuma yawan riƙe ruwa da kuma ƙara ƙarfin haɗin kai zai shafi aikin. Saboda haka, an ƙara gwada tasirin cellulose ethers na nau'ikan nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta daban-daban akan ƙa'idodin asali na kayan turmi masu daidaita kansu na gypsum. Bukatar ruwa na turmi ya ƙaru zuwa wani mataki, amma ba shi da wani tasiri a lokacin saitawa da kuma ruwan da ke cikinsa. A lokaci guda, ƙarfin lanƙwasawa da matsewa na turmi a yanayi daban-daban ya nuna raguwar yanayin, amma raguwar ta yi ƙasa da tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin cellulose ether akan ƙa'idodin injiniya. A taƙaice, ƙaruwar nauyin ƙwayoyin cellulose ether ba shi da wani tasiri a kan aikin gaurayawan turmi. Idan aka yi la'akari da sauƙin gini, ya kamata a zaɓi ether cellulose mai ƙarancin danko da ƙananan nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta a matsayin kayan da ke daidaita kansu na gypsum.
2.3 Tasirin cellulose ether akan zafin danshi na gypsum mai narkewa
Tare da ƙaruwar abun ciki na cellulose ether, kololuwar fitar da ruwa daga gypsum mai narkewar ruwa a cikin ruwa a hankali ta ragu, kuma lokacin da aka kai ga kololuwar ya ɗan yi jinkiri, yayin da zafin fitar da ruwa daga waje ya ragu, amma ba a bayyane yake ba. Wannan yana nuna cewa cellulose ether na iya jinkirta ƙimar fitar da ruwa da matakin fitar da ruwa daga gypsum mai narkewar ruwa zuwa wani mataki, don haka yawan da ake buƙata bai kamata ya yi yawa ba, kuma ya kamata a sarrafa shi cikin 1‰. Ana iya ganin cewa fim ɗin colloidal da aka samar bayan cellulose ether ya haɗu da ruwa yana shawagi a saman barbashi na gypsum mai narkewar ruwa, wanda ke rage ƙimar fitar da ruwa daga gypsum kafin awanni 2. A lokaci guda, tasirin riƙe ruwa na musamman da kauri yana jinkirta fitar da ruwa daga ruwa kuma Watsawa yana da amfani ga ƙarin fitar da ruwa daga gypsum mai narkewar ruwa a matakin ƙarshe. A taƙaice, lokacin da aka sarrafa adadin da ya dace, cellulose ether yana da iyakataccen tasiri akan ƙimar fitar da ruwa da matakin fitar da ruwa daga gypsum mai narkewar ruwa da kanta. A lokaci guda, ƙaruwar yawan sinadarin cellulose ether da nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta zai ƙara yawan danko na slurry sosai kuma ya nuna kyakkyawan aikin riƙe ruwa. Domin tabbatar da ruwan turmi mai rage ruwa na gypsum mai narkewa, yawan shan ruwa zai ƙaru sosai, wanda hakan ya faru ne saboda tsawaita lokacin saita turmi. Babban dalilin raguwar kayan aikin injiniya.
3. Kammalawa
(1) Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ruwa a matsayin ma'aunin sarrafawa, tare da ƙaruwar abun ciki na cellulose ether, lokacin saita turmi mai daidaita kansa na gypsum mai narkewa yana tsawaita sosai, kuma halayen injiniya suna raguwa sosai; idan aka kwatanta da abun ciki, nauyin kwayoyin halitta na cellulose ether. Ƙarawar ba ta da tasiri sosai akan abubuwan da ke sama na turmi. Idan aka yi la'akari da cikakken bayani, ya kamata a zaɓi cellulose ether tare da ƙaramin nauyin kwayoyin halitta (ƙimar ɗanko ƙasa da 20,000 Pa·s), kuma ya kamata a sarrafa yawan a cikin 1‰ na kayan siminti.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin zafin ruwa na gypsum ɗin da aka cire daga ruwa ya nuna cewa a cikin wannan gwajin, cellulose ether yana da iyakataccen tasiri akan ƙimar ruwa da tsarin ruwa na gypsum ɗin da aka cire daga ruwa. Ƙara yawan amfani da ruwa da raguwar yawan ruwa sune manyan dalilan raguwar halayen injina na turmi da aka cire daga ruwa na gypsum.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-08-2023