Ko te gypsum whakakore-pūkawa he hau paru i puta mai i te tahunga o ngā wahie kei roto he whanariki (waro, hinu), ngā para matū ahumahi i puta mai i te tukanga purenga whakakore-pūkawa, me te gypsum hemihydrate (te tātai matū CaSO4· 0.5H2O), he rite te mahi ki te gypsum hanga whare tūturu. Nō reira, he nui haere ngā rangahau me ngā tono mō te whakamahi i te gypsum whakakore-pūkawa hei utu mō te gypsum tūturu hei hanga rauemi whakataurite-ake. Ko ngā ranunga polymer waro pērā i te kaihoko whakaiti wai, te kaihoko pupuri wai me te aukati he wāhanga mahi nui i roto i te hanganga o ngā rauemi moata whakataurite-ake. Ko te taunekeneke me te tikanga o ngā mea e rua me ngā rauemi sima he take e tika ana kia arohia. Nā ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga hanganga, he iti te pai o te gypsum whakakore-pūkawa (ko te rahi o te matūriki e tohatohahia ana i waenga i te 40 me te 60 μm), ā, he koretake te whakarōpūtanga paura, nō reira he ngoikore ngā āhuatanga rheological o te gypsum whakakore-pūkawa, ā, he māmā ake te wehewehe, te whakarōpū me te whakaheke toto i te paru moata i whakaritea e ia. Ko te cellulose ether te ranunga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te moata, ā, ko tōna whakamahinga ngātahi me te kaihoko whakaiti wai he taurangi nui hei whakatutuki i te mahi whānui o ngā rauemi whakataurite-ake e ahu mai ana i te gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki pērā i te mahi hanga, ā, i muri mai ko te mahi miihini me te roa.
I roto i tēnei pepa, ka whakamahia te uara rere hei taupū whakahaere (tohu horapa 145 mm±5 mm), me te arotahi ki te pānga o te ihirangi o te cellulose ether me te taumaha ngota (uara matotoru) ki te wai e pau ana i ngā rauemi whakataurite-ake o te gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki, te ngaronga o te rere i roto i te wā, me te whakapūmautanga. Ko te ture o te awe o ngā āhuatanga taketake pēnei i te wā me ngā āhuatanga miihini o mua; i te wā kotahi, whakamātautauhia te ture o te awe o te cellulose ether ki te tukunga wera me te tere tukunga wera o te whakamakuku gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki, tātarihia tōna awe ki te tukanga whakamakuku o te gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki, ā, i te tuatahi ka matapakihia tēnei momo ranunga. Te hototahi ki te pūnaha whakapūmau gypsum whakakorengia te whanariki.
1. Ngā rauemi mata me ngā tikanga whakamātautau
1.1 Ngā rauemi mata
Paura gypsum: he paura gypsum whakakore-whā i hangaia e tētahi kamupene i Tangshan, ko te hanganga kohuke matua ko te gypsum hemihydrate, ko tōna hanganga matū e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 1, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 2.
pikitia
pikitia
Ko ngā tāpiringa ko: te cellulose ether (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC te whakarapopototanga); te superplasticizer WR; te tango pahuka B-1; te paura rapa EVA redispersible S-05, e wātea katoa ana i te hokohoko.
Whakakotahi: onepu awa tūturu, onepu pai i hangaia e koe anō i tātarihia mā te tātari 0.6 mm te matotoru.
1.2 Tikanga whakamātautau
Te kōhatu whakakorenga whanariki pumau: onepu: wai = 1:0.5:0.45, te nui o ētahi atu ranunga e tika ana, te rere hei tohu whakahaere (whanuitanga 145 mm ± 5 mm), mā te whakarerekē i te kai wai, ia whakaranua ki ngā rauemi sima (kōhatu whakakorenga whanariki + Sima) 0, 0.5‰, 1.0‰, 2.0‰, 3.0‰ cellulose ether (HPMC-20,000); Tāpirihia te inenga o te cellulose ether ki te 1‰, whiriwhiria ngā HPMC-20,000, HPMC-40,000, HPMC-75,000, me te HPMC-100,000 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ethers me ngā taumaha ngota rerekē (ko ngā tau e rite ana ko H2, H4, H7.5, me H10), hei ako i te inenga me te taumaha ngota (uara matotoru) o te cellulose ether. Ka matapakihia te pānga o ngā huringa ki ngā āhuatanga o te moata whakataurite-ake i ahu mai i te gypsum, me te awe o ngā mea e rua ki te rere, te wā whakatakoto me ngā āhuatanga miihini tōmua o te ranunga moata whakataurite-ake gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki. Ka mahia te tikanga whakamātautau motuhake i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga o GB/T 17669.3-1999 "Te Whakatau i ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini o te Gypsum Whare".
Ka whakahaerehia te whakamātautau wera wai mā te whakamahi i tētahi tauira kau o te gypsum whakakore-whā me ngā tauira he 0.5‰ me te 3‰ te ihirangi cellulose ether, ā, ko te taputapu i whakamahia he whakamātautau wera wai momo TA-AIR.
2. Ngā hua me te tātari
2.1 Te pānga o te ihirangi cellulose ether ki ngā āhuatanga taketake o te moata
I te pikinga ake o te ihirangi, ka tino pai ake te mahi me te piri o te moata, ka tino heke te ngaronga o te rere i roto i te wā, ā, ka tino pai ake te mahi hanga, ā, kāore he āhuatanga wehewehe o te moata whakapakeke, ā, kua tino pai ake te maeneene o te mata, te maeneene me te ataahua. I taua wā anō, ka tino piki ake te wai e pau ana i te moata kia tutuki ai te rere ōrite. I te 5‰, ka piki ake te wai e pau ana i te 102%, ā, ka roa ake te wā whakatakoto whakamutunga mō te 100 meneti, arā, 2.5 ngā wā i tērā o te tauira kau. Ka tino heke ngā āhuatanga miihini o mua o te moata me te pikinga ake o te ihirangi o te cellulose ether. I te 5‰ o te ihirangi o te cellulose ether, ka heke te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi mō te 24 hāora ki te 18.75% me te 11.29% o te tauira kau. Ko te kaha pēhi he 39.47% me te 23.45% o te tauira kau. He mea tika kia mōhiotia, i te pikinga ake o te nui o te matū pupuri wai, ka tino heke hoki te mātotoru o te moata, mai i te 2069 kg/m3 i te 0 ki te 1747 kg/m3 i te 5‰, he hekenga tēnei o te 15.56%. Ka heke te mātotoru o te moata, ka piki hoki te porosity, koinei tētahi o ngā take mō te hekenga mārama o ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te moata.
He pūhui kore-ionic te cellulose ether. Ka taea e ngā rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te mekameka cellulose ether me ngā ngota hāora i runga i te here ether te whakakotahi ki ngā ngota wai hei hanga hononga hauwai, ka huri i te wai kore utu hei wai here, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te pupuri wai. I roto i te tirohanga whānui, ka kitea hei pikinga ake o te hononga o te paru [5]. Ko te pikinga ake o te matotoru o te paru, ehara i te mea ka piki ake te whakamahinga wai, engari ka mimitihia hoki te cellulose ether rewa ki runga i te mata o ngā matūriki gypsum, ka aukati i te tauhohenga wai me te whakaroa i te wā whakatakoto; i te wā o te tukanga whakaoho, ka puta mai he maha o ngā mirumiru hau. Ka puta he āputa i te whakapakeketanga o te moata, ā, ka whakaiti i te kaha o te moata. Ma te whakaaro whānui ki te whakamahinga wai o te ranunga moata, te mahi hanga, te wā whakatakoto me ngā āhuatanga miihini, me te roa o muri mai, me ētahi atu, kaua te nui o te cellulose ether i roto i te moata taurite-whaiaro gypsum kua whakakorea te whanariki e neke ake i te 1‰.
2.2 Te pānga o te taumaha ngota o te cellulose ether ki te mahi a te moata
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te teitei ake o te matotoru me te angiangi o te cellulose ether, ko te pai ake o te pupuri wai me te whakanui ake i te kaha o te piri. Ka pā kino te mahi. Nō reira, i whakamatautauria anō te awe o ngā cellulose ether o ngā taumaha ngota rerekē ki ngā āhuatanga taketake o ngā rauemi moata whakataurite-ake i ahu mai i te gypsum. I piki ake te hiahia wai o te moata ki tētahi taumata, engari kāore i kitea he pānga ki te wā whakatakoto me te rere. I taua wā anō, ko te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te moata i ngā āhua rerekē i whakaatu i te ia heke, engari he iti iho te hekenga i te awe o te ihirangi cellulose ether ki ngā āhuatanga miihini. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te pikinga o te taumaha ngota o te cellulose ether kāore he pānga kitea ki te mahi o ngā ranunga moata. I te whakaaro ki te ngāwari o te hanga, me whiriwhiri te cellulose ether iti-te matotoru me te taumaha ngota iti hei rauemi whakataurite-ake i ahu mai i te gypsum kua whakakorea te whanariki.
2.3 Te pānga o te cellulose ether ki te wera o te whakamakuku o te gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki
I te pikinga ake o te ihirangi o te cellulose ether, ka heke haere te tihi werawera o te waikura o te gypsum whakakore-pūhaumāota, ā, ka paku whakaroa te wā o te tūranga tihi, engari ka heke te wera werawera o te waikura, engari kāore i te tino kitea. E whakaatu ana tēnei ka taea e te cellulose ether te whakaroa i te tere waikura me te taumata waikura o te gypsum whakakore-pūhaumāota ki tētahi taumata, nō reira kaua e nui rawa te horopeta, ā, me whakahaere i roto i te 1‰. Ka kitea ko te kiriata colloidal i hangaia i muri i te tūtakitanga o te cellulose ether ki te wai ka mimitihia ki runga i te mata o ngā matūriki gypsum whakakore-pūhaumāota, ka whakaiti i te tere waikura o te gypsum i mua i te 2 hāora. I taua wā anō, ko ōna pānga pupuri wai me te matotoru ahurei ka whakaroa i te mimiti o te wai paru, ā, he pai te Marara ki te waikura anō o te gypsum whakakore-pūhaumāota i te wāhanga o muri mai. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ina whakahaerea te horopeta tika, he iti noa te awe o te cellulose ether ki te tere waikura me te taumata waikura o te gypsum whakakore-pūhaumāota. I taua wā anō, mā te pikinga ake o te ihirangi cellulose ether me te taumaha ngota ka nui ake te matotoru o te paru, ā, ka whakaatu i te mahi pupuri wai tino pai. Hei whakarite i te rere o te moata whakaōrite-whaiaro gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki, ka nui ake te wai e pau ana, nā te roa o te wā whakatakoto o te moata. Ko te take matua o te hekenga o ngā āhuatanga miihini.
3. Whakamutunga
(1) Ina whakamahia te rere hei taupū whakahaere, me te pikinga ake o te ihirangi o te cellulose ether, ka roa ake te wā whakatakoto o te moata whakaōrite-whaiaro i ahu mai i te gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki, ā, ka tino heke ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha; ki te whakatauritea ki te ihirangi, he iti noa te pānga o te pikinga o te taumaha ngota o te cellulose ether ki ngā āhuatanga o runga ake nei o te moata. Ina whakaarohia whānuitia, me whiriwhiri te cellulose ether me te taumaha ngota iti (te uara matotoru iti iho i te 20 000 Pa·s), ā, me whakahaere te horopeta i roto i te 1‰ o te rauemi sima.
(2) E whakaatu ana ngā hua whakamātautau o te wera whakamakuku o te gypsum whakakore-pūkawa, i roto i te whānuitanga o tēnei whakamātautau, he iti noa te awe o te cellulose ether ki te tere whakamakuku me te tukanga whakamakuku o te gypsum whakakore-pūkawa. Ko te pikinga ake o te wai e whakamahia ana me te hekenga o te mātotoru papatipu ngā take matua mō te hekenga o ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te moata gypsum whakakore-pūkawa.
Wā tuku: Mei-08-2023