Inqubo Yokukhiqiza i-Cellulose Ether

Ama-cellulose ether ayizinto ezisebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ezokwakha, ezemithi kanye nokudla. Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ihilela izinyathelo eziningi, futhi idinga ubuchwepheshe obuningi kanye nemishini ekhethekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngenqubo yokukhiqiza ama-cellulose ether.

Isinyathelo sokuqala enkambisweni yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether ukulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-cellulose ether ngokuvamile zivela ku-pulp yokhuni kanye ne-waste cotton. I-pulp yokhuni iyasikwa futhi ihlolwe ukuze kususwe noma yikuphi ukungcola okukhulu, kuyilapho imfucuza yekotini icutshungulwa ibe yi-pulp encane. I-pulp ibe isincishiswa ngobukhulu ngokugaya ukuze kutholakale i-powder ecolekile. I-pulp yokhuni oluyimpuphu kanye ne-waste cotton bese kuhlanganiswa ndawonye ngezilinganiso ezithile kuye ngezakhiwo ezifiselekayo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo sihilela ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-feedstock exubile. I-pulp iqale iphathwe ngesisombululo se-alkaline (ngokuvamile i-sodium hydroxide) ukuze kuqhekeke isakhiwo se-fiber se-cellulose. I-cellulose ephumayo ibe isiphathwa nge-solvent efana ne-carbon disulfide ukuze kukhiqizwe i-cellulose xanthate. Lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa emathangini anokunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwe-pulp. Isixazululo se-cellulose xanthate sibe sesikhishwa ngedivayisi yokukhipha ukuze kwakhiwe ama-filaments.

Ngemva kwalokho, imicu ye-cellulose xanthate yaphothwa ebhavini equkethe i-sulfuric acid encibilikisiwe. Lokhu kuphumela ekuvuselelweni kabusha kwamaketanga e-cellulose xanthate, kwakha imicu ye-cellulose. Imicu ye-cellulose esanda kwakheka ibe isigezwa ngamanzi ukuze kususwe noma yikuphi ukungcola ngaphambi kokuba i-bleached. Inqubo yoku-bleach isebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide ukwenza imicu ye-cellulose ibe mhlophe, bese igezwa ngamanzi bese iyekwa yome.

Ngemva kokuba imicu ye-cellulose yomisiwe, idlula enkambisweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-etherification. Inqubo ye-etherification ihilela ukufakwa kwamaqembu e-ether, njenge-methyl, i-ethyl noma amaqembu e-hydroxyethyl, kuma-fiber e-cellulose. Le ndlela yenziwa kusetshenziswa ukusabela kwe-etherification agent kanye ne-acid catalyst lapho kukhona i-solvent. Ukusabela kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokucophelela zokushisa kanye nengcindezi ukuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu somkhiqizo kanye nobumsulwa.

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-cellulose ether yayisesimweni sempuphu emhlophe. Umkhiqizo oqediwe ube usuhlolwa uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kokulawula ikhwalithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezintandokazi nemininingwane efiselekayo, njengokuthambekela, ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo kanye nokuqukethwe komswakama. Bese upakishwa bese uthunyelwa kumsebenzisi wokugcina.

Ngamafuphi, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether ihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukuphotha, ukufiphaza kanye nokufakelwa kwe-ether, kulandelwe ukuhlolwa kokulawula ikhwalithi. Yonke inqubo idinga imishini ekhethekile nolwazi lokusabela kwamakhemikhali futhi yenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokuqinile. Ukukhiqiza i-cellulose ethers kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ethatha isikhathi, kodwa ibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi.