Ii-cellulose ethers zizinto ezinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kuquka ulwakhiwo, amayeza kunye nokutya. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether inzima kakhulu, ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, kwaye ifuna ubuchule obuninzi kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngokweenkcukacha ngenkqubo yokuvelisa ii-cellulose ethers.
Inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-cellulose ether kukulungiselela izinto ezikrwada. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ukuvelisa i-cellulose ethers zihlala zivela kwi-pulp yomthi kunye ne-waste cotton. I-pulp yomthi iyanqunyulwa ize ihlolwe ukuze kususwe nayiphi na inkunkuma enkulu, ngelixa i-cotton waste icutshungulwa ibe yi-pulp encinci. I-pulp emva koko iyancitshiswa ngobukhulu ngokusila ukuze kufunyanwe umgubo ocolekileyo. I-pulp yomthi ocoliweyo kunye ne-waste cotton emva koko zidityaniswe kunye ngokwemilinganiselo ethile ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezifunwayo zemveliso yokugqibela.
Inyathelo elilandelayo libandakanya ukucutshungulwa kweekhemikhali ze-feedstock exutyiweyo. I-pulp iqale iphathwe ngesisombululo se-alkaline (esidla ngokuba yi-sodium hydroxide) ukuze kuqhekeke isakhiwo se-fiber se-cellulose. I-cellulose ephumayo emva koko iphathwa nge-solvent efana ne-carbon disulfide ukuvelisa i-cellulose xanthate. Olu nyango lwenziwa kwiitanki ezine-pulp eqhubekayo. Isisombululo se-cellulose xanthate emva koko sikhutshwa ngesixhobo sokukhupha ukuze senze ii-filaments.
Emva koko, iifilaments ze-cellulose xanthate zasontwa kwibhafu equlethe i-sulfuric acid enyibilikisiweyo. Oku kubangela ukuvuselelwa kwee-cellulose xanthate chains, zenze ii-cellulose fibers. Ii-cellulose fibers ezisandula ukwenziwa ziyahlanjwa ngamanzi ukuze kususwe nakuphi na ukungcola ngaphambi kokuba zihlanjwe. Inkqubo yokuhlanjwa isebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide ukwenza ii-cellulose fibers zibe mhlophe, emva koko zihlanjwe ngamanzi zize zishiywe zomile.
Emva kokuba imicu ye-cellulose yomile, idlula kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-etherification. Inkqubo ye-etherification ibandakanya ukungeniswa kwamaqela e-ether, afana ne-methyl, i-ethyl okanye amaqela e-hydroxyethyl, kwii-fiber ze-cellulose. Le ndlela yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-reaction ye-etherification agent kunye ne-acid catalyst phambi kwe-solvent. Ii-reaction zihlala zenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa ngononophelo zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ukuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu semveliso kunye nobunyulu.
Ngeli xesha, i-cellulose ether yayikwimo yomgubo omhlophe. Imveliso egqityiweyo emva koko ivavanywa ngoluhlu lovavanyo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno kunye neenkcukacha ezifunwayo, ezinje nge-viscosity, ubumsulwa bemveliso kunye nomxholo womswakama. Emva koko iyapakishwa kwaye ithunyelwe kumsebenzisi wokugqibela.
Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-cellulose ether ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, unyango lweekhemikhali, ukujikeleza, ukutyhefa kunye nokufakelwa kwe-ether, kulandele uvavanyo lolawulo lomgangatho. Yonke le nkqubo ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nolwazi lweempendulo zeekhemikhali kwaye yenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa ngokungqongqo. Ukuvelisa ii-cellulose ethers yinkqubo enzima nethatha ixesha elide, kodwa ibalulekile kumashishini amaninzi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-21-2023