Uburyo bwo gukora eteri ya selulosi

Eteri za selulosi ni ibintu byinshi bikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo ubwubatsi, imiti n'ibiribwa. Uburyo bwo gukora eteri ya selulosi buragoye cyane, bukubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, kandi busaba ubuhanga bwinshi n'ibikoresho byihariye. Muri iyi nkuru, turaganira ku buryo burambuye ku buryo bwo gukora eteri za selulosi.

Intambwe ya mbere mu gikorwa cyo gukora eteri ya selulosi ni ugutegura ibikoresho fatizo. Ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu gukora eteri za selulosi akenshi biva mu biti bito n'ipamba. Ipamba ry'ibiti rirashwanyaguzwa rigashyirwa ku ruhande kugira ngo hakureho imyanda minini, mu gihe imyanda y'ipamba itunganywa mu buryo buto. Ipamba rigabanywa ingano binyuze mu gusya kugira ngo haboneke ifu nziza. Ipamba ry'ibiti bito n'ipamba bivangwa mu buryo bwihariye bitewe n'imiterere y'umusaruro wa nyuma.

Intambwe ikurikiraho ikubiyemo gutunganya ibiryo bivanze. Ifu ibanza kuvurwa n'umuti wa alkaline (ubusanzwe ni sodium hydroxide) kugira ngo isenye imiterere ya cellulose. Hanyuma cellulose ivamo ivurwa n'umuti nka carbon disulfide kugira ngo ikore cellulose xanthate. Ubu buryo bukorerwa mu bigega bifite impumuro idahwema. Umuti wa cellulose xanthate uvamo unyuzwa mu gikoresho cyo gusohora kugira ngo hakorwe uduce duto.

Nyuma y’aho, imigozi ya cellulose xanthate yazungurutswaga mu bwogero burimo aside sulfurike. Ibi bituma imiyoboro ya cellulose xanthate ivugururwa, igakora imigozi ya cellulose. Imigozi mishya ya cellulose yozwa n’amazi kugira ngo ikureho imyanda yose mbere yo gusibangana. Uburyo bwo gusibangana bukoresha peroxide ya hydrogen kugira ngo isukure imigozi ya cellulose, hanyuma yozwa n’amazi hanyuma ikareka ikaruma.

Iyo imigozi ya selulosi yumye, inyura mu buryo bwitwa etherification. Uburyo bwo etherification bukubiyemo kwinjiza amatsinda ya ether, nka methyl, ethyl cyangwa hydroxyethyl, mu migozi ya selulosi. Ubu buryo bukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa etherification agent na aside catalyst imbere y'umushongi. Ubusanzwe ibikorwa bikorwa mu gihe ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko bigenzurwa neza kugira ngo umusaruro n'ubuziranenge birusheho kwiyongera.

Muri icyo gihe, eteri ya selulosi yari mu ishusho y'ifu yera. Hanyuma ibicuruzwa birangiye bikorerwa ibizamini byinshi byo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyo bishakiye n'ibisabwa, nko kuba ibitonyanga, ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa n'ubushuhe. Hanyuma bipakirwa hanyuma bikoherezwa ku mukoresha wa nyuma.

Muri make, inzira yo gukora eteri ya selulosi irimo gutegura ibikoresho fatizo, gutunganya imiti, kuzunguza, gusibanganya no gusya, hagakurikiraho isuzuma ry’ubuziranenge. Iyi nzira yose isaba ibikoresho byihariye n’ubumenyi bw’imikorere ya shimi kandi ikorwa mu buryo bugenzurwa neza. Gukora eteri za selulosi ni inzira igoye kandi itwara igihe kinini, ariko ni ingenzi mu nganda nyinshi.