Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ze-cellulose?

I-Cellulose, enye yezona zinto zininzi ze-organic compounds eMhlabeni, isebenza njengeyona nto iphambili kwisakhiwo kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo. Le polysaccharide iyinkimbinkimbi yenziwe ziiyunithi eziphindaphindayo zeemolekyuli zeglucose ezidityaniswe kunye, zenza imixokelelwane emide. Izinto eziphambili zokuvelisa i-cellulose zivela kwimithombo yezityalo, ngokuyintloko i-pulp yomthi, umqhaphu, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeentsalela zezolimo.

Intlama Yomthi:
I-pulp yomthi yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokwenziwa kwe-cellulose, ibangela inxalenye enkulu yemveliso ye-cellulose yehlabathi. Ifunyanwa kwiifayibha zomthi, ezifumaneka kakhulu kwimithi ye-softwood kunye ne-hardwood. Imithi ye-softwood efana ne-pine, i-spruce, kunye ne-fir ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yeefayibha zayo ezinde kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-cellulose, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo kwimveliso ye-pulp. Imithi ye-hardwood efana ne-birch, i-eucalyptus, kunye ne-oki nayo iyasetyenziswa, nangona iindlela zokucubungula zahlukile kancinci ngenxa yeefayibha zayo ezimfutshane kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo.

I-pulp yomthi ikhutshwa ngothotho lweenkqubo zoomatshini nezeekhemikhali. Ekuqaleni, iinkuni ziyasuswa zize ziqhekezwe zibe ziingceba ezincinci. Ezi chips emva koko zigaywa ngoomatshini okanye ziphathwe ngekhemikhali ukuze zahlule iifayibha ze-cellulose kwezinye izinto ezifana ne-lignin kunye ne-hemicellulose. I-pulp ephumayo emva koko iyahlanjwa, i-bleached, kwaye icocwe ukuze kufunyanwe umgangatho we-cellulose ofunekayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.

Umqhaphu:
Ikhotoni, ifayibha yendalo efunyenwe kwiimbewu zesityalo sekotoni, ngomnye umthombo obalulekileyo we-cellulose. Ngokuyintloko yenziwe nge-cellulose ecocekileyo, enomxholo omncinci we-lignin kunye ne-hemicellulose. I-cotton cellulose yaziwa ngobunyulu bayo obuphezulu kunye namandla ayo, okwenza ixabiseke kakhulu ekuveliseni iimveliso ze-cellulose ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana neempahla zelaphu, iphepha, kunye ne-cellulose derivatives.

Inkqubo yokukhupha i-cellulose kumqhaphu ibandakanya ukwahlula imicu kwimbewu yomqhaphu kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ngothotho lweenkqubo ze-ginning, cleaning, kunye ne-carding. Iifayibha zomqhaphu eziphumayo emva koko ziyacutshungulwa ngakumbi ukuze kususwe naziphi na izinto ezingcolileyo eziseleyo kwaye kucocwe i-cellulose ukuze isetyenziswe ngendlela ethile.

Iintsalela zezoLimo:
Iintsalela ezahlukeneyo zezolimo, kuquka umququ, i-bagasse, i-corn stover, i-rice husks, kunye ne-sugar bagasse yomoba, zisebenza njengemithombo eyahlukileyo ye-cellulose. Ezi ntsalela ziyimveliso yeenkqubo zezolimo kwaye zihlala ziquka i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, i-lignin, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ukusebenzisa iintsalela zezolimo ukuvelisa i-cellulose kunika iingenelo zokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezihlaziyekayo.

Ukukhupha i-cellulose kwiintsalela zezolimo kubandakanya iinkqubo ezifanayo nokuveliswa kwe-pulp yomthi, kubandakanya ukunciphisa ubungakanani, unyango lweekhemikhali, kunye nokucocwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nolwakhiwo lweentsalela zezolimo kunokwahluka kwiintlobo zemithi, nto leyo edinga uhlengahlengiso kwiiparameter zokucubungula ukuze kuphuculwe isivuno se-cellulose kunye nomgangatho.

Ulwelwe:
Nangona zingasetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-pulp yomthi, umqhaphu, okanye iintsalela zezolimo, iintlobo ezithile ze-algae ziqulathe i-cellulose kwaye ziye zahlolwa njengemithombo enokubakho yokuveliswa kwe-cellulose. I-algal cellulose inika iingenelo ezifana namazinga okukhula ngokukhawuleza, umxholo ophezulu we-cellulose, kunye neemfuno ezincinci zomhlaba namanzi xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo zomhlaba.

Ukukhupha i-cellulose kwi-algae kudla ngokubandakanya ukuqhekeza iindonga zeseli ukuze kukhutshwe iifayibha ze-cellulose, kulandele ukucoca kunye nokucubungula ukuze kufunyanwe izinto ze-cellulose ezisebenzisekayo. Uphando malunga nokuveliswa kwe-cellulose esekwe kwi-algae luyaqhubeka, lujolise ekuphuhliseni iindlela ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo ngokwezoqoqosho zemveliso enkulu.

izinto eziphambili zokrwada zei-celluloseziquka intlama yomthi, umqhaphu, iintsalela zezolimo, kwaye, kancinci, iintlobo ezithile ze-algae. Ezi zinto ziluhlaza zidlula kumanyathelo ahlukeneyo okucubungula ukuze zikhuphe kwaye zicoce i-cellulose, esebenza njengecandelo elinokuguquguquka nelibalulekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zoshishino nezezorhwebo, kubandakanya ukwenza amaphepha, amalaphu, amayeza, iimveliso zokutya, kunye ne-biofuels. Ubuchwepheshe bokufumana ulwazi oluzinzileyo kunye nokucubungula izinto ezintsha buyaqhubeka nokuqhuba inkqubela phambili kwimveliso ye-cellulose, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka kwesi sixhobo sendalo sixabisekileyo.