Ni ibihe bikoresho by'ingenzi bya selulose?

Selilulose, imwe mu myunyungugu myinshi cyane ku Isi, ikora nk'igice cy'ingenzi mu miterere y'uturemangingo tw'ibimera. Iyi polysaccharide ikomeye igizwe n'ibice bisubiramo bya molekile za glucose zifatanye, zigakora iminyururu miremire. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gukora cellulose bikomoka ku bimera, cyane cyane ibiti, ipamba, n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibisigazwa by'ubuhinzi.

Ibinyampeke by'ibiti:
Imbuto z'ibiti ni zo zikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora selulosi, zikaba zigize igice kinini cy'umusaruro wa selulosi ku isi. Ziboneka mu migozi y'ibiti, ahanini ikomoka ku biti byoroshye n'ibiti bikomeye. Ibiti byoroshye nk'ibiti bya pinusi, spruce, na fir bikunzwe cyane kubera imigozi miremire yabyo n'ibinini bya selulosi, bigatuma biba byiza mu gukora impumuro. Ibiti bikomeye nka birch, eucalyptus, na oak nabyo birakoreshwa, nubwo hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya bitewe n'imigozi yabyo migufi n'imiterere itandukanye ya shimi.

Ifu y'ibiti ikurwamo binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwa mekanike na shimi. Mbere na mbere, ibiti birakurwamo ibishishwa hanyuma bigacibwamo uduce duto. Hanyuma utu duce duto dushyirwa mu buryo bwa mekanike cyangwa ubuvuzi bwa shimi kugira ngo dutandukanye imigozi ya selulose n'ibindi bice nka lignin na hemicellulose. Ifu y'ibiti ivamo irasukurwa, igasigwa, hanyuma igatunganywa kugira ngo haboneke ubwiza bwa selulose bwifuzwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye.

Ipamba:
Ipamba, fibre karemano ikomoka ku bimera by’ipamba, ni indi soko ikomeye ya cellulose. Igizwe ahanini na cellulose hafi ya yose, ifite lignin nkeya na hemicellulose. Cellulose y’ipamba izwiho ubuziranenge n’imbaraga zayo, bigatuma igira agaciro gakomeye mu gukora ibintu byiza bya cellulose nk’imyenda, impapuro n’ibikomoka kuri cellulose.

Uburyo bwo gukuramo selulosi mu ipamba busaba gutandukanya insinga n'imbuto z'ipamba n'indi myanda binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusya, gusukura no gusiga ikarito. Insinga z'ipamba zikomokaho zirushaho gutunganywa kugira ngo zikurweho imyanda isigaye kandi zinoze selulosi kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo bwihariye.

Ibisigazwa by'ubuhinzi:
Ibisigazwa bitandukanye by’ubuhinzi, birimo ibyatsi, ibisigazwa, ibigori, ibishishwa by’umuceri, na ibisigazwa by’ibisheke, bikoreshwa nk’izindi soko za selulose. Ibi bisigazwa ni umusaruro w’ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi kandi akenshi bigizwe na selulose, hemicellulose, lignin, n’ibindi binyabutabire by’umwimerere. Gukoresha ibisigazwa by’ubuhinzi mu gukora selulose bitanga inyungu ku bidukikije kuko bigabanya imyanda no gukoresha umutungo kamere ushobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Gukuramo selulosi mu bisigazwa by’ubuhinzi bijyana n’ibikorwa bisa n’ibyo mu gukora ibiti, harimo kugabanya ingano, gutunganya imiti no gutunganya. Ariko, imiterere y’ibisigazwa by’ubuhinzi n’imiterere yabyo bishobora gutandukana n’ibiti, bigasaba impinduka mu mikorere kugira ngo umusaruro wa selulosi urusheho kuba mwiza.

Udukoko:
Nubwo idakoreshwa cyane nk'ibisigazwa by'ibiti, ipamba, cyangwa ibisigazwa by'ubuhinzi, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ibimera birimo selulosi kandi byashakishijwe nk'isoko ishobora gukorerwamo selulosi. Selulosi y'ibimera ifite akamaro nko gukura vuba, selulosi nyinshi, ndetse n'ibikenewe bike ku butaka no ku mazi ugereranije n'ibimera byo ku butaka.

Gukuramo selulosi mu bimera bikunze gusaba gusenya inkuta z'uturemangingo kugira ngo hasohorwe imigozi ya selulosi, hanyuma hagakurikiraho gutunganya no gutunganya kugira ngo haboneke ibikoresho bya selulosi bishobora gukoreshwa. Ubushakashatsi ku ikorwa rya selulosi ishingiye ku bimera buracyakomeje, bugamije guteza imbere uburyo burambye kandi bufite akamaro mu bukungu bwo gukora umusaruro munini.

ibikoresho by'ingenzi byaseluloseharimo ibimera by'ibiti, ipamba, ibisigazwa by'ubuhinzi, ndetse no mu rugero ruto, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ibimera. Ibi bikoresho fatizo binyura mu ntambwe zitandukanye zo gutunganya cellulose, ikaba ari igice cy'ingenzi kandi gikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye mu nganda no mu bucuruzi, harimo gukora impapuro, imyenda, imiti, ibikomoka ku biribwa, na biogas. Ikoranabuhanga rirambye ryo gushakisha amasoko n'uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya rikomeje guteza imbere iterambere mu gutunganya cellulose, kongera imikorere myiza, kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije, no kwagura ikoreshwa ry'uyu mutungo kamere w'agaciro.