Gutegura selulose ya hydroxyethyl

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ni polymer idashonga mu mazi ikomoka kuri cellulose, polymer karemano iboneka mu nkuta z'uturemangingo tw'ibimera. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga, amarangi, n'ibindi biti, bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwiza bwo gukuba, gukora filime, no gukurura amenyo. Gutegura hydroxyethyl cellulose bisaba guhindura imiterere ya cellulose hifashishijwe oxide ya ethylene mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Ubu buryo bushobora kugabanywamo intambwe nyinshi z'ingenzi: gutunganya cellulose, guhindura alkali, guhindura eteri, gutuma igabanuka, gukaraba no kumisha.

1. Gutunganya selulosi
Intambwe ya mbere mu gutegura selulosi ya hydroxyethyl ni ugutunganya selulosi, akenshi ikomoka ku biti cyangwa ipamba. Selulosi mbisi irimo imyanda nka lignin, hemicellulose, n'ibindi bivamo bigomba gukurwaho kugira ngo haboneke selulosi nziza cyane ikwiriye guhindurwamo imiti.

Intambwe zikubiye muri iki gikorwa:

Gutunganya imashini: Selulose mbisi itunganywa mu buryo bwa mashini kugira ngo igabanye ingano yayo kandi yongere ubuso bwayo, bityo byorohereze uburyo bwo kuyitunganya nyuma.
Uburyo bwo kuvura: Selulose ivurwa n'imiti nka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) na sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) kugira ngo ivugurure lignin na hemicellulose, hanyuma hagakurikiraho gukaraba no gusiba kugira ngo haveho imyanda isigaye maze haboneke selulose y'umweru ifite fibrous.

2. Guhindura alkali
Hanyuma selulosi isukuye iratunganywa kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bwa etherification. Ibi bikubiyemo kuvura selulosi hifashishijwe umuti w’amazi wa sodiyumu hidroksidi.

Igisubizo:
Selulose+NaOH→Selulose ya Alkali

Uburyo bikorwa:

Selulose irashyirwa mu mazi, hanyuma hongerwamo umuti wa sodium hydroxide. Ubusanzwe ingano ya NaOH iri hagati ya 10-30%, kandi ingaruka zibera ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 20-40°C.
Uruvange ruravunganywa kugira ngo alkali ishobore kwinjiza neza, biganisha ku ikorwa rya cellulose ya alkali. Iyi intermediate irushaho gukora neza kuri oxide ya ethylene, bityo yorohereza inzira yo gukwirakwiza etherization.

3. Guhindura imiterere y'umuriro (Etherization)
Intambwe y'ingenzi mu gutegura hydroxyethyl cellulose ni uguhindura imiterere ya alkali cellulose hamwe na ethylene oxide. Iyi reaction yinjiza amatsinda ya hydroxyethyl (-CH2CH2OH) mu gice cy'umugongo cya cellulose, bigatuma ishonga mu mazi.

Igisubizo:
Selulosi ya Alkali + Okiside ya Etileni → Hydroxyethyl cellulose + NaOH

Uburyo bikorwa:

Okiside ya etileni yongerwa muri selulose ya alkali, haba mu buryo bumwe cyangwa bukomeza. Ubusanzwe iyo reaction ikorerwa muri autoclave cyangwa muri reactor y'umuvuduko.
Imiterere y'ibisubizo, harimo ubushyuhe (50-100°C) n'umuvuduko (1-5 atm), bigenzurwa neza kugira ngo habeho gusimbuza neza amatsinda ya hydroxyethyl. Igipimo cyo gusimbuza (DS) n'igisimbuza cy'umuyoboro (MS) ni ibipimo by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'umusaruro wa nyuma.

4. Kutagira aho bibogamiye
Nyuma yo gukora etherification, uruvange rurimo hydroxyethyl cellulose na sodium hydroxide isigaye. Intambwe ikurikiraho ni ukugabanya, aho alkali irenze ikurwamo hakoreshejwe aside, akenshi aside asetiki (CH3COOH) cyangwa aside hydrochloric (HCl).

Igisubizo: NaOH+HCl→NaCl+H2O

Uburyo bikorwa:

Aside yongerwa buhoro buhoro mu ruvange rw'ibisubizo mu gihe hagenzuwe neza kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bukabije kandi birinde kwangirika kwa hydroxyethyl cellulose.
Hanyuma uruvange rwangiritse ruhindurwa pH kugira ngo rurebe ko ruri mu rugero rwifuzwa, akenshi ruri hafi ya pH idafite aho ihuriye (6-8).
5. Gukaraba
Nyuma yo kugabanya ubushyuhe, icyo gicuruzwa kigomba kozwa kugira ngo havemo umunyu n'ibindi bikomoka kuri cyo. Iyi ntambwe ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo haboneke selulose ya hydroxyethyl yonyine.

Uburyo bikorwa:

Uruvange rw'ibisubizo ruvangwa n'amazi, hanyuma hydroxyethyl cellulose itandukanywa no kuyungurura cyangwa gupima.
Selulosi ya hydroxyethyl yatandukanyijwe yogezwa kenshi n'amazi yakuwemo iyyoni kugira ngo ikureho imyunyu n'imyanda isigaye. Igikorwa cyo gukaraba gikomeza kugeza igihe amazi yogezwa agereye ku rugero runaka, bigaragaza ko imyanda ishongeshwa ivanyweho.
6. Kumisha
Intambwe ya nyuma mu gutegura hydroxyethyl cellulose ni ukumisha. Iyi ntambwe ikuraho amazi arenze, bigatuma habaho ifu yumye kandi ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye.

Uburyo bikorwa:

Selulosi ya hydroxyethyl yogejwe ikwirakwizwa ku masahani yo kumisha cyangwa inyuzwa mu mwobo wo kumisha. Ubushyuhe bwo kumisha bugenzurwa neza kugira ngo budakomeza kwangirika, ubusanzwe buri hagati ya 50-80°C.
Ubundi buryo, kumisha imiti bishobora gukoreshwa mu kumisha vuba kandi neza. Mu kumisha imiti, umuti w’amazi wa hydroxyethyl cellulose uhinduka utudomo duto hanyuma ukanishwa mu mugezi ushyushye, bigatuma habaho ifu nziza.
Hanyuma umusaruro wumye ushyirwa ku bunini bw'uduce tw'ibimera wifuza hanyuma ugashyirwa mu bubiko no mu gukwirakwiza.
Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge n'Imikoreshereze
Mu gihe cyose cyo gutegura, ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ubuziranenge zirashyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwiza n'ubuziranenge bwa hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ibipimo by'ingenzi nko kuba ubunini, ingano y'ubusimburwe, ubushuhe, n'ingano y'uduce bigenzurwa buri gihe.

Porogaramu:

Imiti: Ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gikomeza ubushyuhe, gifata, kandi gitera imbaraga mu buryo nk'ibinini, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe n'amavuta yo kwisiga.
Ibikoresho byo kwisiga: Bitanga ubukana n'imiterere ku bicuruzwa nka amavuta yo kwisiga, amavuta yo kwisiga, na shampoo.
Amarangi n'Irangi: Akora nk'umuti wongera ubukonje n'ubuhinduzi bw'imitsi, anonosora imiterere y'irangi n'uburyo riguma rihagaze.
Inganda z'ibiribwa: Ikora nk'ikintu gikomeza ubushyuhe, gitera imbaraga, kandi gitera imbaraga mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye by'ibiribwa.

Gutegura hydroxyethyl cellulose bikubiyemo urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa bya tekiniki n'ibinyabutabire bigamije guhindura cellulose kugira ngo hashyirwemo amatsinda ya hydroxyethyl. Intambwe yose, kuva mu gutunganya cellulose kugeza ku kumisha, ni ingenzi mu kugena ubwiza n'imikorere y'umusaruro wa nyuma. Imiterere ya hydroxyethyl cellulose ituma iba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda nyinshi, bigaragaza akamaro ko gukora neza kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu buryo butandukanye.