Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) bụ polima na-anaghị agbaze na mmiri, nke sitere na cellulose, polima eke dị na mgbidi sel nke osisi. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ọgwụ, ihe ịchọ mma, agba, na ihe nrapado, n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka ọ sie ike nke ọma, na-emepụta ihe nkiri, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na rheological. Nkwadebe nke hydroxyethyl cellulose gụnyere ime ka cellulose dị nro na ethylene oxide n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline. Enwere ike kewaa usoro a n'ọtụtụ usoro dị mkpa: ime ka cellulose dị ọcha, ime ka alkalization dị ọcha, ime ka etherification dị ọcha, ime ka ọ dị ọcha, ịsacha, na ịkpọ nkụ.
1. Ịsachapụ Cellulose
Nzọụkwụ mbụ n'ịkwadebe hydroxyethyl cellulose bụ ịsacha cellulose, nke a na-esikarị na mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ owu linters enweta. Cellulose a na-anaghị ahụ anya nwere ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha dịka lignin, hemicellulose, na ihe ndị ọzọ a ga-ewepụ iji nweta cellulose dị ọcha nke dabara adaba maka mgbanwe kemịkalụ.
Nzọụkwụ ndị a gụnyere:
Nhazi Mekanịkal: A na-eji igwe arụ ọrụ arụpụta cellulose a iji belata nha ya ma mee ka ebe elu ya dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ dị mfe.
Ọgwụgwọ Kemịkalụ: A na-eji kemịkalụ dịka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) na sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) agwọ cellulose ahụ iji gbajie lignin na hemicellulose, wee saa ya ma hichaa ya iji wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha ma nweta cellulose ọcha, nke nwere eriri afọ.
2. Mmebi nke Alkalịshọn
A na-agbanwezi cellulose ahụ e mere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ iji mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ maka mmeghachi omume etherification. Nke a gụnyere iji mmiri sodium hydroxide gwọọ cellulose ahụ.
Mmeghachi omume:
Cellulose+NaOH→Cellulose Alkali
Usoro:
A na-etinye cellulose ahụ n'ime mmiri, a na-agbakwụnyekwa mmiri sodium hydroxide. Ọnụọgụ NaOH na-adịkarị site na 10-30%, a na-emekwa mmeghachi omume ahụ n'oge okpomọkụ dị n'etiti 20-40°C.
A na-akpali ngwakọta ahụ iji hụ na alkali ahụ na-abanye otu nha, na-eduga n'ịmepụta alkali cellulose. Nke a na-emeghachi omume karịa na ethylene oxide, na-eme ka usoro etherification dịkwuo mfe.
3. Ịkọwapụta
Isi ihe dị mkpa n'ịkwadebe hydroxyethyl cellulose bụ ime ka alkali cellulose dị n'ime mmiri site na iji ethylene oxide mee ka ọ dị ọcha. Mmeghachi omume a na-ewebata hydroxyethyl groups (-CH2CH2OH) n'ime ọkpụkpụ azụ cellulose, na-eme ka ọ na-agbaze mmiri.
Mmeghachi omume:
Alkali cellulose+Ethylene oxide→Hydroxyethyl cellulose+NaOH
Usoro:
A na-etinye Ethylene oxide na alkali cellulose, ma n'otu oge ma ọ bụ n'usoro na-aga n'ihu. A na-emekarị mmeghachi omume ahụ na autoclave ma ọ bụ reactor nrụgide.
A na-achịkwa ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, gụnyere okpomọkụ (50-100°C) na nrụgide (1-5 atm), iji hụ na nnọchi kacha mma nke otu hydroxyethyl. Ogo nke nnọchi (DS) na mgbanwe molar (MS) bụ paramita dị mkpa nke na-emetụta njirimara nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.
4. Nkwụsị
Mgbe mmeghachi omume etherification gasịrị, ngwakọta ahụ nwere hydroxyethyl cellulose na residual sodium hydroxide. Nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ neutralization, ebe a na-ewepụ alkali gabigara ókè site na iji acid, nke na-abụkarị acetic acid (CH3COOH) ma ọ bụ hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Mmeghachi omume: NaOH+HCl→NaCl+H2O
Usoro:
A na-etinye acid ahụ nwayọ nwayọ na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume n'okpuru ọnọdụ a na-achịkwa iji zere oke okpomọkụ ma gbochie mmebi nke hydroxyethyl cellulose.
A na-agbanwe ngwakọta a na-eme ka ọ dị nro site na mgbanwe pH iji hụ na ọ dị n'ime oke achọrọ, nke na-abụkarị gburugburu pH na-anọpụ iche (6-8).
5. Ịsa ahụ
Mgbe emechara ka ihe ahụ ghara ịdị ọcha, a ga-asarịrị ya iji wepụ nnu na ihe ndị ọzọ na-esi na ya apụta. Nzọụkwụ a dị oke mkpa maka inweta hydroxyethyl cellulose dị ọcha.
Usoro:
A na-agwakọta ngwakọta mmeghachi omume ahụ na mmiri, a na-ekewapụkwa hydroxyethyl cellulose site na nzacha ma ọ bụ centrifugation.
A na-eji mmiri deionized saa hydroxyethyl cellulose nke kewapụrụ iche ugboro ugboro iji wepụ nnu na ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha fọdụrụnụ. Usoro ịsa ahụ na-aga n'ihu ruo mgbe mmiri ịsa ahụ ruru otu ihe akọwapụtara, nke na-egosi mwepụ nke ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na-agbaze.
6. Ịkpọ nkụ
Nzọụkwụ ikpeazụ n'ime nkwadebe nke hydroxyethyl cellulose bụ ịkpọ nkụ. Nzọụkwụ a na-ewepụ mmiri gabigara ókè, na-emepụta ngwaahịa kpọrọ nkụ, nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọtụtụ ojiji.
Usoro:
A na-agbasa hydroxyethyl cellulose a sachara n'elu tray nkụ ma ọ bụ bufee ya site na ọwara nkụ. A na-achịkwa okpomọkụ nkụ nke ọma iji zere mmebi okpomọkụ, nke na-abụkarị site na 50-80°C.
N'aka nke ọzọ, a pụrụ iji mmiri kpọrọ nkụ mee ka ọ kpọọ nkụ ngwa ngwa ma dị irè. N'ịkpọ nkụ, a na-agbanwe mmiri hydroxyethyl cellulose dị n'ime mmiri ka ọ bụrụ obere ntapụ mmiri ma kpọọ nkụ n'ime mmiri ọkụ, nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ dị nro.
A na-agweri ihe kpọrọ nkụ ahụ ruo nha ihe achọrọ ma tinye ya n'ime akpa maka nchekwa na nkesa.
Njikwa Ogo na Ngwa
N'oge nkwadebe ahụ, a na-eme usoro njikwa mma siri ike iji hụ na hydroxyethyl cellulose dị n'otu na ịdị mma ya. A na-enyocha ihe ndị dị mkpa dịka viscosity, ogo nnọchi ya, ọdịnaya mmiri, na nha ihe ndị dị n'ime ya mgbe niile.
Ngwa:
Ọgwụ: A na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-ejikọ ihe, na ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike n'ụdị ọgwụ dịka mbadamba, ihe nkwusioru, na ihe na-eme ka mmanụ dị nro.
Ihe ịchọ mma: Na-enye ngwaahịa dịka ude, ude mmiri, na shampoo ike na udidi.
Agba na Mkpuchi: Na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka agba sie ike ma na-agbanwe ọdịdị ya, na-eme ka ojiji ya ka mma ma na-eme ka agba ahụ kwụsie ike.
Ụlọ Ọrụ Nri: Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, na ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa nri.
Nkwadebe nke hydroxyethyl cellulose gụnyere usoro usoro kemịkalụ na igwe eji eme ihe nke ọma iji gbanwee cellulose iji webata otu hydroxyethyl. Nzọụkwụ ọ bụla, site na nhicha cellulose ruo na nkụ, dị oke mkpa n'ịchọpụta ịdị mma na ọrụ nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. Njirimara dị iche iche nke hydroxyethyl cellulose na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe bara uru n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, na-egosipụta mkpa ọ dị ime ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka ngwa dị iche iche.
Oge ozi: Mee-28-2024