Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) wani polymer ne wanda ba na ionic ba, mai narkewa cikin ruwa wanda aka samo daga cellulose, wani polymer na halitta da ake samu a bangon tantanin halitta na tsirrai. Ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu daban-daban, ciki har da magunguna, kayan kwalliya, fenti, da manne, saboda kyawun kauri, samar da fim, da kuma halayen rheological. Shirya hydroxyethyl cellulose ya ƙunshi etherification na cellulose tare da ethylene oxide a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline. Ana iya raba wannan tsari zuwa manyan matakai da dama: tsarkake cellulose, alkalization, etherification, neutralization, wanki, da busarwa.
1. Tsarkakewar Cellulose
Mataki na farko a cikin shirya hydroxyethyl cellulose shine tsarkake cellulose, wanda yawanci ana samo shi daga ɓangaren litattafan itace ko auduga. Cellulose da ba a sarrafa ba yana ɗauke da ƙazanta kamar lignin, hemicellulose, da sauran abubuwan cirewa waɗanda dole ne a cire su don samun cellulose mai tsafta wanda ya dace da gyaran sinadarai.
Matakan da suka shafi:
Sarrafa Sinadarai: Ana sarrafa sinadarin cellulose ta hanyar injiniya don rage girmansa da kuma ƙara girman samansa, wanda hakan ke sauƙaƙa wa magunguna masu zuwa.
Maganin Sinadarai: Ana yi wa cellulose magani da sinadarai kamar sodium hydroxide (NaOH) da sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) don wargaza lignin da hemicellulose, sannan a wanke da kuma yin bleaching don cire sauran datti da kuma samun farin cellulose mai kama da fibrous.
2. Alkalancin
Sannan ana ƙara sinadarin cellulose mai tsafta don kunna shi don amsawar etherification. Wannan ya haɗa da magance cellulose da ruwan sodium hydroxide.
Martani:
Cellulose+NaOH→Cellulose na Alkali
Tsarin aiki:
Ana saka cellulose a cikin ruwa, sannan a ƙara ruwan sodium hydroxide. Yawan NaOH yawanci yana tsakanin kashi 10-30%, kuma ana yin hakan ne a yanayin zafi tsakanin 20-40°C.
Ana motsa cakuda don tabbatar da cewa alkali ya sha daidai gwargwado, wanda ke haifar da samuwar alkali cellulose. Wannan tsaka-tsakin yana da tasiri sosai ga ethylene oxide, wanda ke sauƙaƙa tsarin etherification.
3. Ingantawa
Babban matakin da ake ɗauka wajen shirya sinadarin hydroxyethyl cellulose shine a samar da sinadarin alkali cellulose tare da sinadarin ethylene oxide. Wannan sinadarin yana shigar da rukunin hydroxyethyl (-CH2CH2OH) cikin kashin bayan cellulose, wanda hakan ke sa ya narke da ruwa.
Martani:
Cellulose Alkali+Ethylene oxide→Hydroxyethyl cellulose+NaOH
Tsarin aiki:
Ana ƙara sinadarin Ethylene oxide a cikin sinadarin alkali cellulose, ko dai a cikin tsari ɗaya ko kuma a ci gaba da aiki. Yawanci ana yin wannan aikin ne a cikin wani injin autoclave ko kuma na'urar matsi.
Ana kula da yanayin amsawar, gami da zafin jiki (50-100°C) da matsin lamba (1-5 atm), a hankali don tabbatar da mafi kyawun maye gurbin ƙungiyoyin hydroxyethyl. Matsayin maye gurbin (DS) da maye gurbin molar (MS) mahimman sigogi ne waɗanda ke tasiri ga halayen samfurin ƙarshe.
4. Tsakaitawar Tsaka-tsaki
Bayan amsawar etherification, cakuda ya ƙunshi hydroxyethyl cellulose da ragowar sodium hydroxide. Mataki na gaba shine neutralization, inda ake yin neutralization ta amfani da acid, yawanci acetic acid (CH3COOH) ko hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Amsar: NaOH+HCl→NaCl+H2O
Tsarin aiki:
Ana ƙara acid a hankali a cikin cakudawar amsawar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka tsara don guje wa zafi mai yawa da hana lalata hydroxyethyl cellulose.
Sai a daidaita cakuda mai narkewar pH don tabbatar da cewa yana cikin kewayon da ake so, yawanci a kusa da pH mai tsaka tsaki (6-8).
5. Wankewa
Bayan an cire sinadarin daga jiki, dole ne a wanke samfurin don cire gishiri da sauran abubuwan da suka rage. Wannan matakin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don samun tsantsar sinadarin hydroxyethyl cellulose.
Tsarin aiki:
Ana narkar da cakudawar amsawar da ruwa, kuma ana raba hydroxyethyl cellulose ta hanyar tacewa ko centrifugation.
Ana wanke sinadarin hydroxyethyl cellulose da aka raba akai-akai da ruwan da aka cire daga ion domin cire gishiri da datti da suka rage. Aikin wankewa yana ci gaba har sai ruwan wankewa ya kai wani takamaiman yanayin aiki, wanda ke nuna cire dattin da ke narkewa.
6. Busarwa
Mataki na ƙarshe a cikin shirya hydroxyethyl cellulose shine bushewa. Wannan matakin yana cire ruwan da ya wuce kima, yana samar da busasshen foda wanda ya dace da amfani daban-daban.
Tsarin aiki:
Ana yada sinadarin hydroxyethyl cellulose da aka wanke a kan tiren busarwa ko kuma a kai shi ta cikin ramin busarwa. Ana kula da zafin busarwa a hankali don guje wa lalacewar zafi, yawanci yana farawa daga 50-80°C.
A madadin haka, ana iya amfani da busar da feshi don busarwa cikin sauri da inganci. A lokacin busar da feshi, ana mayar da ruwan hydroxyethyl cellulose zuwa ƙananan ɗigo sannan a busar da shi a cikin ruwan zafi, wanda ke haifar da foda mai laushi.
Ana niƙa busasshen samfurin zuwa girman ƙwayar da ake so sannan a naɗe shi don ajiya da rarrabawa.
Sarrafa Inganci da Aikace-aikace
A duk lokacin shirye-shiryen, ana aiwatar da tsauraran matakan kula da inganci don tabbatar da daidaito da ingancin hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ana sa ido akai-akai kan mahimman sigogi kamar danko, matakin maye gurbinsa, yawan danshi, da girman barbashi.
Aikace-aikace:
Magunguna: Ana amfani da shi azaman maganin kauri, mannewa, da kuma mai daidaita abubuwa a cikin magunguna kamar allunan, dakatarwa, da man shafawa.
Kayan kwalliya: Yana samar da danko da laushi ga kayayyaki kamar man shafawa, man shafawa, da shamfu.
Fenti da Rufi: Yana aiki azaman mai kauri da gyaran rheology, yana inganta halayen amfani da fenti da kwanciyar hankali.
Masana'antar Abinci: Yana aiki a matsayin mai kauri, mai daidaita abinci, da kuma mai fitar da sinadarai masu guba a cikin kayayyakin abinci daban-daban.
Shirya sinadarin hydroxyethyl cellulose ya ƙunshi jerin hanyoyin sinadarai da na inji da aka tsara musamman don gyara cellulose don gabatar da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyethyl. Kowane mataki, daga tsarkakewar cellulose zuwa bushewa, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen tantance inganci da aikin samfurin ƙarshe. Halayen Hydroxyethyl cellulose masu yawa sun sa ya zama sinadari mai mahimmanci a masana'antu da yawa, yana nuna mahimmancin ingantattun ayyukan masana'antu don biyan takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace daban-daban.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-28-2024