Isingeniso kuKotini kanye neCellulose
Ukotini, i-fiber yemvelo etholakala esitshalweni sikakotini, ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe yi-cellulose. I-Cellulose, i-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi, iyona eyinhloko yezindonga zamaseli ezitshalweni, enikeza ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo. Ukukhipha i-cellulose emsulwa kukotini kuhilela ukuhlukanisa imicu ye-cellulose kwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo sikakotini, njenge-lignin, i-hemicellulose, ne-pectin.
I-Anatomy Yezitshalo Zikakotini
Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwesitshalo sikakotini kubalulekile ekukhishweni kwe-cellulose. Imicu kakotini iyizinhlayiya zembewu, ezikhula emaseli e-epidermal embewu kakotini. Le micu yakhiwa kakhulu yi-cellulose, enamaprotheni amancane, ama-wax, noshukela. Imicu kakotini ikhula ibe yizinhlayiya, okuyizinhlayiya ezivikelayo ezimboza imbewu.
Inqubo Yokukhipha I-Cellulose
Ukuvuna: Inqubo iqala ngokuvuna ama-boll kakotini avuthiwe ezitshalweni zikakotini. Ukuvuna ngomshini kuyindlela evame kakhulu, lapho imishini isusa ama-boll ezitshalweni.
Ukugaya: Ngemva kokuvunwa, ukotini ufakwa ku-ginning, lapho imbewu ihlukaniswa khona nemicu. Le nqubo ihilela ukudlulisa ukotini ngomshini we-gin osusa imbewu emicu.
Ukuhlanza: Uma sezihlukanisiwe nembewu, imicu kakotini iyahlanzwa ukuze kususwe ukungcola okufana nokungcola, amaqabunga, nezinye izinto zezitshalo. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi i-cellulose ekhishwe ihlanzekile kakhulu.
Ukuhlanganisa izintambo: Ukuhlanganisa izintambo kuyinqubo yomshini ehlanganisa izintambo zikakotini zibe yindwangu encane. Kususa noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele bese kuhlanganisa izintambo ukuze kulungiselelwe ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo.
Ukususa igum: Imicu yekotoni iqukethe ukungcola kwemvelo okufana nama-waxes, ama-pectin, nama-hemicelluloses, okubizwa ngokuthi “igum.” Ukususa igum kuhilela ukwelapha imicu yekotoni ngezixazululo ze-alkaline noma ama-enzyme ukuze kususwe lokhu kungcola.
Ukuhlikihla: Ukuhlikihla kuyisinyathelo sokuzikhethela kodwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlanza imicu ye-cellulose nokuthuthukisa ubumhlophe bayo. Ama-agent ahlukahlukene okuhlikihla njenge-hydrogen peroxide noma i-chlorine derivatives angasetshenziswa kule nqubo.
I-Mercerization: I-Mercerization ihilela ukwelapha imicu ye-cellulose ngesisombululo se-alkali esinobuthi, ngokuvamile i-sodium hydroxide. Le nqubo ikhulisa amandla emicu, ukukhazimula, kanye nokusondelana kwamadayi, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene.
I-Acid Hydrolysis: Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ngezinhloso zezimboni, i-acid hydrolysis ingasetshenziswa ukuphula i-cellulose ibe yizinhlayiya ezincane nezifanayo. Le nqubo ihilela ukwelapha i-cellulose nge-dilute acid ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ukuze kufakwe i-hydrolyze izibopho ze-glycosidic, okuveza amaketanga amafushane e-cellulose noma ama-nanocrystals e-cellulose.
Ukuwasha Nokomisa: Ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, imicu ye-cellulose ihlanzwa kahle ukuze kususwe noma yimaphi amakhemikhali noma ukungcola okusele. Ngemva kwalokho, imicu iyomiswa kuze kube yilapho umswakama ufinyelelwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Pure Cellulose
I-cellulose emsulwa etholakala kukotini isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene:
Izindwangu: Imicu ye-cellulose iphothwa ibe yizintambo bese ilukwa ibe yizindwangu zokugqoka, izindwangu zasekhaya, kanye nezicelo zezimboni.
Iphepha Nebhodi Lephepha: I-Cellulose iyisakhi esiyinhloko semikhiqizo yephepha, ibhodi lephepha, kanye nekhadibhodi.
Ama-biofuel: I-cellulose ingaguqulwa ibe ama-biofuel njenge-ethanol ngezinqubo ezifana ne-enzyme hydrolysis kanye nokubiliswa.
Izimboni Zokudla Nezemithi: Izinto ezisetshenziswa njenge-cellulose zisetshenziswa njengeziqinisi, iziqinisi, kanye nezihlanganisi ekudleni nasemikhiqizweni yemithi.
Izimonyo: Izinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-cellulose zisetshenziswa ezimonyweni zobuhle kanye nasemikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zokuqina nokuzinzisa.
Ukukhipha i-cellulose emsulwa kukotini kuhilela uchungechunge lwezinqubo zemishini nezamakhemikhali ezihlose ukuhlukanisa imicu ye-cellulose kwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo sikakotini nokuzihlanza. Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwesitshalo sikakotini nokusebenzisa amasu afanele njengokugaya, ukususa i-gumming, ukufiphaza, kanye ne-mercerization kubalulekile ekutholeni i-cellulose esezingeni eliphezulu. I-cellulose emsulwa etholakala kukotini inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene kuzo zonke izimboni, kusukela ezindwangu kanye nokwenza amaphepha kuya kumafutha emvelo kanye nemithi, okwenza kube umthombo wemvelo oguquguqukayo nowusizo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-25-2024