Hoʻolauna i ka pulupulu a me ka cellulose
ʻO ka pulupulu, kahi olonā kūlohelohe i loaʻa mai ka mea kanu pulupulu, ua hana nui ʻia me ka cellulose. ʻO ka cellulose, kahi carbohydrate paʻakikī, ka ʻāpana nui o nā paia cell i nā mea kanu, e hāʻawi ana i ke kākoʻo kūkulu. ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i ka cellulose maʻemaʻe mai ka pulupulu e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā olonā cellulose mai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka mea kanu pulupulu, e like me ka lignin, hemicellulose, a me ka pectin.
ʻAnatomi o ka Mea Kanu Pulupulu
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mea kanu pulupulu no ka unuhi ʻana i ka cellulose. ʻO nā olonā pulupulu he mau trichomes hua, e ulu ana mai nā pūnaewele epidermal o ka hua pulupulu. ʻO kēia mau olonā he cellulose nui ia, me nā liʻiliʻi o nā protein, nā waxes, a me nā kō. Ulu nā olonā pulupulu i loko o nā bolls, he mau capsules pale e hoʻopuni ana i nā hua.
Kaʻina Hana Hoʻokaʻawale Cellulose
ʻOhiʻohi: Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana me ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana i nā ʻōmole pulupulu makua mai nā mea kanu pulupulu. ʻO ka ʻohi mīkini ke ʻano maʻamau, kahi e wehe ai nā mīkini i nā ʻōmole mai nā mea kanu.
Ginning: Ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana, hana ʻia ka ginning i ka pulupulu, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā hua mai nā olonā. Pili kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka pulupulu ma o nā mīkini gin e wehe ai i nā hua mai nā olonā.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā hua, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā olonā pulupulu e wehe i nā mea haumia e like me ka lepo, nā lau, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Hōʻoia kēia hana i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka cellulose i unuhi ʻia.
Kāleka: ʻO ke kāleka kahi hana mīkini e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā olonā pulupulu i loko o kahi ʻupena lahilahi. Hoʻopau ia i nā mea haumia i koe a hoʻonohonoho i nā olonā i ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hana hou aku.
Degumming: Loaʻa i nā olonā pulupulu nā mea haumia kūlohelohe e like me nā waxes, pectins, a me nā hemicelluloses, i kapa ʻia ʻo "gum." ʻO ka degumming e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā olonā pulupulu me nā hopena alkaline a i ʻole nā enzymes e wehe i kēia mau mea haumia.
Ke hoʻokeʻokeʻo ʻana: He hana koho ke hoʻokeʻokeʻo ʻana akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou aku i nā olonā cellulose a hoʻonui i ko lākou keʻokeʻo. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻokeʻokeʻo like ʻole e like me ka hydrogen peroxide a i ʻole nā mea chlorine derivatives i kēia kaʻina hana.
Mercerization: Pili ka Mercerization i ka mālama ʻana i nā olonā cellulose me kahi hopena alkali caustic, ʻo ia hoʻi ka sodium hydroxide. Hoʻonui kēia kaʻina hana i ka ikaika o nā olonā, ka luster, a me ka pili ʻana no nā dyes, e ʻoi aku ka kūpono no nā noi like ʻole.
ʻO ka Hydrolysis ʻakika: I kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā kumu ʻoihana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hydrolysis ʻakika e wāwahi hou i ka cellulose i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka like. Pili kēia kaʻina hana i ka mālama ʻana i ka cellulose me ka waikawa dilute ma lalo o nā kūlana i kāohi ʻia e hydrolyze i nā pilina glycosidic, e loaʻa ana nā kaulahao cellulose pōkole a i ʻole nā nanocrystals cellulose.
Ka holoi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana: Ma hope o nā hana kemika, holoi pono ʻia nā olonā cellulose e wehe i nā kemika a i ʻole nā mea haumia i koe. Ma hope iho, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia nā olonā i ka nui o ka wai i makemake ʻia.
Nā Hoʻohana o ka Cellulose Maʻemaʻe
Loaʻa nā noi no ka cellulose maʻemaʻe i loaʻa mai ka pulupulu ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole:
Nā lole: Hoʻopili ʻia nā olonā cellulose i loko o nā olonā a ulana ʻia i loko o nā lole no nā lole, nā lole home, a me nā hana ʻoihana.
Pepa a me ka Papa Pepa: ʻO Cellulose kahi ʻāpana nui o ka pepa, ka pepa pepa, a me nā huahana pepa.
Biofuels: Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka Cellulose i nā biofuels e like me ka ethanol ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hydrolysis enzymatic a me ka fermentation.
ʻOihana Meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives Cellulose e like me nā thickeners, stabilizers, a me emulsifiers i nā huahana meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā mea hoʻonani: Hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana cellulose i nā mea hoʻonani a me nā huahana mālama pilikino no ko lākou mau waiwai mānoanoa a paʻa.
ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i ka cellulose maʻemaʻe mai ka pulupulu e pili ana i kahi moʻo o nā kaʻina hana mechanical a me kemika e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā olonā cellulose mai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka mea kanu pulupulu a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mea kanu pulupulu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana kūpono e like me ka ginning, degumming, bleaching, a me ka mercerization he mea nui ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka cellulose kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka cellulose maʻemaʻe i loaʻa mai ka pulupulu he mau noi like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana, mai nā lole a me ka hana pepa a hiki i nā biofuels a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e lilo ia i kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe kūpono a waiwai nui.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-25-2024