Nhanganyaya yeCotton neCellulose
Donje, shinda yechisikigo inobva mumuti wedonje, inonyanya kuumbwa ne cellulose. Cellulose, carbohydrate yakaoma, ndiyo inonyanya kuumba madziro esero mumiti, ichipa rutsigiro rwechimiro. Kubvisa cellulose yakachena kubva mudonje kunosanganisira kuparadzanisa shinda dze cellulose kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuti wedonje, zvakaita se lignin, hemicellulose, uye pectin.
Kuumbwa kweChirimwa cheDonje
Kunzwisisa maumbirwo emuti wedonje kwakakosha pakuburitsa cellulose. Mashinda edonje imbeu dzinobereka trichomes, dzinokura kubva mumasero e epidermal embeu yedonje. Mashinda aya anosanganisira cellulose, ine mapuroteni mashoma, waxes, uye shuga. Mashinda edonje anokura mu bolls, ayo ari ma capsules anodzivirira anofukidza mbeu.
Maitiro Ekubvisa Cellulose
Kukohwa: Maitiro acho anotanga nekuunganidza madonje akura kubva mumiti yedonje. Kukohwa nemashini ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa, apo michina inobvisa madonje kubva mumiti.
Kugadzira donje: Mushure mekukohwa, donje rinoitwa ginning, uko mbeu dzinoparadzaniswa neshinda. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupfuudza donje nemuchina we gin unobvisa mbeu kubva mushinda.
Kuchenesa: Kana zvangobviswa pambeu, shinda dzedonje dzinocheneswa kuti dzibvise tsvina dzakadai setsvina, mashizha, nezvimwe zvinhu zvemiti. Danho iri rinoita kuti cellulose inobviswa ive yakachena kwazvo.
Kuisa machira mudenga: Kuisa machira mudenga inzira yekubatanidza machira edonje kuita dandemutande rakatetepa. Inobvisa tsvina yasara uye inoisa machira mudenga ichigadzirira kugadziriswa zvakare.
Kubvisa simbi: Mashinda edonje ane tsvina yechisikigo senge wakisi, pectin, uye hemicelluloses, pamwe chete zvinonzi "chingamu." Kubvisa simbi kunosanganisira kurapa shinda dzedonje nealkaline solutions kana ma enzymes kubvisa tsvina iyi.
Kuchenesa: Kuchenesa inhanho isingamanikidzwe asi inowanzo shandiswa kuchenesa fiber dze cellulose uye kuwedzera kuchena kwadzo. Mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yekupukuta yakaita sehydrogen peroxide kana chlorine inogona kushandiswa mukuita uku.
Mercerization: Mercerization inosanganisira kurapa mafiber e cellulose ne caustic alkali solution, inowanzova sodium hydroxide. Maitiro aya anowedzera simba remafiber, kupenya, uye kubatana kwemadhayi, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kunyungudutsa kweAcid Hydrolysis: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyanya kumaindasitiri, kunyungudutsa kweAcid kungashandiswa kuputsa cellulose kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvakafanana. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kurapa cellulose ne dilute acid pasi pemamiriro ekudzora kuti hydrolyze glycosidic bonds, zvichiita kuti cellulose chains ipfupike kana cellulose nanocrystals.
Kusuka uye Kuomesa: Mushure mekurapwa nemakemikari, fiber dze cellulose dzinosukwa zvakanaka kuti dzibvise makemikari kana tsvina yasara. Zvadaro, fiber dzinoomeswa kusvika pahunyoro hwaunoda.
Mashandisirwo ePure Cellulose
Cellulose yakachena inowanikwa kubva mudonje inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana:
Machira: Matayi eCellulose anorukwa kuita shinda uye anorukwa kuita machira ezvipfeko, machira epamba, uye mashandisirwo emaindasitiri.
Pepa neBhodhi reMapepa: Cellulose chinhu chikuru chinowanikwa mumapepa, bhodhi remapepa, uye makadhibhodhi.
Mafuta eBiofuels: Cellulose inogona kushandurwa kuita mafuta ebiofuels akadai seethanol kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai se enzyme hydrolysis uye fermentation.
Maindasitiri Ezvekudya Nemishonga: Zvinobva mumasero zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvinosimbisa, zvinosimbisa, uye zvinosimbisa ganda muzvigadzirwa zvekudya nemishonga.
Zvizoro: Zvinobva mu cellulose zvinoshandiswa muzvizoro uye muzvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza muviri nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwekukora uye kugadzikana.
Kubvisa cellulose yakachena kubva mudonje kunosanganisira maitiro akasiyana-siyana emakanika nemakemikari akagadzirirwa kuparadzanisa fibers dze cellulose kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvedonje uye kuzvichenesa. Kunzwisisa maumbirwo emuti wedonje uye kushandisa matekiniki akakodzera akadai se ginning, degumming, bleaching, uye mercerization kwakakosha kuti uwane cellulose yemhando yepamusoro. Cellulose yakachena inowanikwa kubva mudonje ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri, kubva kumachira nekugadzira mapepa kusvika kumafuta emhuka nemishonga, zvichiita kuti ive chiwanikwa chechisikigo chinoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana uye chinokosha.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-25-2024