Intshayelelo kwiCotton kunye neCellulose
Umqhaphu, ifayibha yendalo ephuma kwisityalo somqhaphu, yenziwe ngokuyintloko yi-cellulose. I-Cellulose, i-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi, yeyona nto iphambili eludongeni lweseli kwizityalo, inika inkxaso yesakhiwo. Ukukhupha i-cellulose ecocekileyo kumqhaphu kubandakanya ukwahlula imiqhaphu ye-cellulose kwezinye izinto zesityalo somqhaphu, ezifana ne-lignin, i-hemicellulose, kunye ne-pectin.
I-Anatomy yeZityalo zeKotoni
Ukuqonda indlela ezimile ngayo izityalo zekotoni kubalulekile ekukhupheni i-cellulose. Iifayibha zekotoni zii-trichomes zembewu, ezikhula kwiiseli ze-epidermal zembewu yekotoni. Ezi fayibha ziquka ikakhulu i-cellulose, enezixa ezincinci zeeproteni, ii-waxes kunye neeswekile. Iifayibha zekotoni zikhula zibe zii-bolls, eziyi-capsules ezikhuselayo ezigquma imbewu.
Inkqubo yokukhupha iCellulose
Ukuvuna: Inkqubo iqala ngokuvuna amaqokobhe ekhotoni avuthiweyo kwizityalo zomqhaphu. Ukuvuna ngoomatshini yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo, apho oomatshini basusa amaqokobhe kwizityalo.
Ukugaya: Emva kokuvuna, umqhaphu ufakwa kwi-ginning, apho imbewu yahlulwe kwimicu. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukudlulisa umqhaphu ngomatshini we-gin osusa imbewu kwimicu.
Ukucoca: Nje ukuba zahlulwe kwimbewu, imicu yekotoni iyacocwa ukuze kususwe ukungcola okufana nokungcola, amagqabi, nezinye izinto zezityalo. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba i-cellulose ekhutshiweyo icocekile kakhulu.
Ukulungisa imigca: Ukulungisa imigca yinkqubo yoomatshini edibanisa imicu yekotoni ibe yintambo encinci. Isusa naluphi na ukungcola okuseleyo kwaye ilungelelanise imicu ukulungiselela ukuqhubekeka nokusebenza.
Ukususa igum: Iifayibha zekotoni ziqulethe ukungcola kwendalo okufana neewaxes, iipectins, kunye neehemicelluloses, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"gum." Ukususa igum kubandakanya ukunyanga iifayibha zekotoni ngezisombululo ze-alkaline okanye ii-enzymes ukususa oku kungcola.
Ukufunxa: Ukufunxa linyathelo lokuzikhethela kodwa kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukucoca ngakumbi imicu ye-cellulose nokuphucula ubumhlophe bayo. Ii-agent ezahlukeneyo zokufunxa ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide okanye i-chlorine derivatives zingasetyenziswa kule nkqubo.
I-Mercerization: I-Mercerization ibandakanya ukunyanga iifayibha ze-cellulose ngesisombululo se-caustic alkali, esiqhele ukuba yi-sodium hydroxide. Le nkqubo yonyusa amandla eefayibha, ukukhazimla, kunye nokuhambelana kwazo needayi, nto leyo eyenza zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
I-Acid Hydrolysis: Kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi kwiinjongo zoshishino, i-acid hydrolysis ingasetyenziswa ukuqhekeza i-cellulose ibe ngamasuntswana amancinci, afanayo ngakumbi. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukunyanga i-cellulose nge-dilute acid phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo ukuze i-hydrolyze ii-glycosidic bonds, nto leyo evelisa ii-cellulose chains ezimfutshane okanye ii-cellulose nanocrystals.
Ukuhlanjwa Nokomiswa: Emva konyango lweekhemikhali, iifayibha ze-cellulose ziyahlanjwa kakuhle ukuze kususwe naziphi na iikhemikhali okanye ukungcola okuseleyo. Emva koko, iifayibha zomiswa zifikelele kumthamo womswakama ofunekayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweCellulose ecocekileyo
I-cellulose ecocekileyo efunyenwe kumqhaphu isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo:
Iimpahla: Iifayibha ze-cellulose zisontwa zibe yimisonto kwaye zilukwe zibe ngamalaphu empahla, amalaphu asekhaya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso.
Iphepha nePhepha: I-Cellulose yinxalenye ephambili yephepha, ibhodi yephepha, kunye neemveliso zekhadibhodi.
Ii-Biofuels: I-Cellulose inokuguqulwa ibe zii-biofuels ezifana ne-ethanol ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-enzyme hydrolysis kunye ne-fermentation.
Imizi-mveliso yokutya kunye namayeza: Izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose zisetyenziswa njengeziqinisi, iziqinisi, kunye nezixubisisi kwimveliso yokutya kunye namayeza.
Izithambiso: Izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose zisetyenziswa kwizithambiso nakwimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokuzinza nokuzinzisa.
Ukukhupha i-cellulose ecocekileyo kumqhaphu kubandakanya uthotho lweenkqubo zoomatshini nezekhemikhali ezijolise ekuhlukaniseni imicu ye-cellulose kwezinye izinto zesityalo somqhaphu kunye nokuzicoca. Ukuqonda i-anatomy yesityalo somqhaphu kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo ezifana ne-ginning, i-degumming, i-bleaching, kunye ne-mercerization kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe i-cellulose esemgangathweni ophezulu. I-cellulose ecocekileyo efunyenwe kumqhaphu inezicelo ezahlukeneyo kumashishini, ukusuka kwimpahla yelaphu kunye nokwenza iphepha ukuya kwi-biofuels kunye namayeza, okwenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo sendalo esiguquguqukayo nesixabisekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-25-2024