Ifu ya putty ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gushariza inyubako, ibice by'ingenzi ni ifu ya talcum na kole. Urwego rwera ruri ku buso bw'icyumba cy'ubusa rumaze kugura ni putty. Ubusanzwe umweru wa putty uba uri hejuru ya dogere 90 naho ubutobwe bukaba buri hejuru ya dogere 330.
Putty ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho by'ibanze bikoreshwa mu gusana inkuta, bishyiraho urufatiro rwiza rw'intambwe ikurikira yo gushariza (gusiga amarangi n'urukuta). Putty igabanyijemo amoko abiri: putty imbere ku rukuta na putty ku rukuta rwo hanze. Putty yo hanze ku rukuta ishobora kwihanganira umuyaga n'izuba, bityo ifite ubwiza bwiza, imbaraga nyinshi n'ikigereranyo gito cy'ibidukikije. Igipimo cyuzuye cya putty mu rukuta rw'imbere ni cyiza, kandi ni isuku kandi ntingiza ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, urukuta rw'imbere si urwo hanze kandi urukuta rwo hanze si rwo rwo imbere. Putty akenshi ishingiye kuri gypsum cyangwa sima, bityo ubuso bugoye bworoshye gufatana neza. Ariko, mu gihe cyo kubaka, biracyakenewe koza urwego rw'ibikoresho byo guhuriraho ku rufatiro kugira ngo ufunge urufatiro kandi wongere uburyo urukuta rufatane neza, kugira ngo putty ibashe gufatana neza n'urufatiro.
Abantu benshi bakoresha ifu ya putty bagomba kwemera ko gukuraho ifu ya putty ari ikibazo gikomeye cyane. Bizatuma irangi rya latex rigwa, ndetse no kubyimba no kwangirika k'urwego rwa putty, ibyo bikaba byatera imitumba mu irangi rya latex.
Gukuraho ifu no kwera kw'ifu ya putty muri iki gihe ni byo bibazo bikunze kugaragara nyuma yo gukora putty. Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe impamvu zo gukuraho ifu ya putty, tugomba kubanza gusobanukirwa ibice by'ibanze by'ibikoresho fatizo n'amahame yo kuyitunganya, hanyuma tugahuza ubuso bw'urukuta mu gihe cyo kubaka putty. Kuma, kwinjiza amazi, ubushyuhe, imiterere y'ikirere yumye, n'ibindi.
Impamvu 8 z'ingenzi zituma ifu ya putty igwa.
impamvu ya mbere
Imbaraga zo gufatanya za putty ntabwo zihagije kugira ngo ifu ikureho, kandi uwakoze putty agabanya ikiguzi ku buryo butari bwo. Imbaraga zo gufatanya za putty ni nke, kandi ingano y'inyongera ni nto, cyane cyane ku iputty yo mu rukuta imbere. Kandi ubwiza bwa kole bufitanye isano cyane n'ingano y'inyongera.
Impamvu ya kabiri
Ifuru idafite ishingiro, guhitamo ibikoresho n'ibibazo by'imiterere ni ingenzi cyane muri formula ya putty. Urugero, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ikoreshwa nk'ifu idapfa amazi ku rukuta rw'imbere. Nubwo HPMC ihenze cyane, ntabwo ikora ku byuzuza nk'ifu y'ibihumyo bibiri, ifu ya talcum, ifu ya wollastonite, nibindi. Iyo hakoreshejwe HPMC gusa, izatera gutandukana. Ariko, CMC na CMS ku giciro gito ntibikuraho ifu, ariko CMC na CMS ntizishobora gukoreshwa nk'ifu idapfa amazi, kandi ntizishobora gukoreshwa nk'ifu yo hanze y'urukuta, kuko CMC na CMS zigirana n'ifu ya kalisiyumu y'umukara na sima yera, ibyo bikazatera gutandukana. Hariho kandi polyacrylamides zongewe ku ifu ya kalisiyumu y'indimu na sima yera nk'ipfundo ritapfa amazi, ibyo bikazanatera ingaruka za shimi zituma ifu ikurwaho.
Impamvu ya Gatatu
Kuvanga ibintu mu buryo butangana ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma ifu ya putty ikurwa ku nkuta z'imbere n'inyuma. Bamwe mu bakora ifu ya putty mu gihugu bakora ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bitandukanye. Ntabwo ari ibikoresho byihariye byo kuvanga, kandi kuvanga ibintu mu buryo butangana bituma putty ikurwaho.
Impamvu ya kane
Ikosa mu ikorwa rituma putty iba ifu. Iyo icyuma kivanga kidakora akazi ko gusukura kandi hari ibisigazwa byinshi, CMC iri muri putty isanzwe izahura n'ifu ya kalisiyumu y'ivu iri muri putty idapfa amazi. CMC na CMS biri muri putty y'imbere ku rukuta n'inyuma. Sima yera ya putty irahura n'ingaruka zo gukuraho ifu. Ibikoresho byihariye by'ibigo bimwe bifite aho gusukura, bishobora gusukura ibisigazwa biri muri mashini, atari ukugira ngo birebe ko putty ari nziza gusa, ahubwo no gukoresha mashini imwe mu bikorwa byinshi, no kugura ibikoresho bimwe kugira ngo bikore putty itandukanye.
Impamvu ya gatanu
Itandukaniro mu bwiza bw'ibice byuzuza rishobora no gutuma habaho gukurwaho kw'ifu. Umubare munini w'ibice byuzuza bikoreshwa mu gishishwa cyo ku rukuta imbere no hanze, ariko ingano ya Ca2CO3 mu ifu ya kalisiyumu nini n'ifu ya talc ahantu hatandukanye iratandukanye, kandi itandukaniro rya pH rizanatera gukurwaho kw'ifu ya putty, nk'iyo muri Chongqing na Chengdu. Ifu imwe ya karuboni ikoreshwa mu ifu ya putty yo ku rukuta imbere, ariko ifu ya talcum n'ifu ya kalisiyumu nini biratandukanye. Muri Chongqing, ntabwo ikuraho ifu, ariko muri Chengdu, ntabwo ikuraho ifu.
impamvu ya gatandatu
Impamvu y'ikirere ni nayo mpamvu yo gukuraho ifu ya putty ku nkuta z'imbere n'inyuma. Urugero, putty ku nkuta z'imbere n'inyuma ifite ikirere cyumye kandi ihumeka neza mu turere tumwe na tumwe two mu majyaruguru. Hari ikirere cy'imvura, ubushuhe bw'igihe kirekire, ubushobozi bwo gukora putty ntabwo ari bwiza, kandi izatakaza ifu, bityo hari ahantu hamwe hakwiriye putty idapfa amazi irimo ifu ya kalisiyumu.
impamvu ya karindwi
Udukoresho tw’ubudozi nk’ifu ya kalisiyumu y’ikijuju na sima yera ni umwanda kandi turimo ifu nyinshi y’udusimba tubiri. Ifu ya kalisiyumu y’ikijuju ifite imikorere myinshi hamwe na sima yera ifite imikorere myinshi ku isoko ni umwanda, kuko hakoreshwa udukoresho twinshi tw’ubudozi bw’ikijuju, kandi ifu idapfa amazi yo mu nkuta z’imbere n’inyuma nta kabuza izaba idafite ifu kandi ntabwo izaba idafite amazi.
impamvu ya munani
Mu mpeshyi, kubika amazi ya putty ku nkuta zo hanze ntibihagije, cyane cyane ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umwuka uhumeka nko ku miryango miremire n'amadirishya. Iyo igihe cya mbere cyo gushyiraho ifu ya kalisiyumu na sima mu gihe kitari gihagije, izatakaza amazi, kandi iyo idafashwe neza, izaba ifu ikomeye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-02-2023