Guhindura etherification ya selulosi

01. Intangiriro ya selulose

Selulosi ni polysaccharide nini igizwe na glucose. Ntishongera mu mazi no mu bintu bikomoka ku bimera. Ni yo gice cy'ingenzi cy'urukuta rw'uturemangingo tw'ibimera, kandi ni na polysaccharide ikwirakwira cyane kandi iboneka cyane mu miterere yabyo.

Selulosi ni umutungo kamere ushobora kongera gukoreshwa ku isi, kandi ni na polymer karemano ifite ubwinshi bunini. Ifite ibyiza byo kongera gukoreshwa, kubora burundu, no guhuza neza ibintu.

02. Impamvu zo guhindura selulose

Macromolecules za selulosi zirimo umubare munini w’amatsinda ya -OH. Bitewe n’ingaruka z’imigozi ya hydrogen, imbaraga ziri hagati ya macromolecules ni nini cyane, bizatuma enthalpy nini ishonga △H; ku rundi ruhande, hari impeta muri macromolecules za selulosi. Kimwe n’imiterere, gukomera k’uruhererekane rw’ibintu bito ni byinshi, bizatuma habaho ihinduka rito rya enthalpy ishonga ΔS. Izi mpamvu ebyiri zituma ubushyuhe bwa selulosi ishongeshejwe (= △H / △S ) buzamuka, kandi ubushyuhe bwo kubora bwa selulosi buba buke. Kubwibyo, iyo selulosi ishyushye ku bushyuhe runaka, fibres ziragaragara. Ikintu cy’uko selulosi yashongeshejwe mbere yuko itangira gushonga, bityo, gutunganya ibikoresho bya selulosi ntibishobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gushonga bwa mbere hanyuma bigakorwa.

03. Akamaro ko guhindura selulose

Bitewe n’igabanuka ry’umutungo kamere w’ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ibidukikije biterwa n’imyenda y’imyanda ya fibre, iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’imyanda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa byahindutse kimwe mu bintu abantu bitaho cyane. Cellulose ni umutungo kamere ushobora kongera gukoreshwa cyane mu bidukikije. Ifite imiterere myiza nko kuba ifite imiterere myiza ya hygroscopic, antistatic, ifite umwuka mwinshi, ifite ubushobozi bwo gusiga irangi ryiza, yambara neza, yoroshye gutunganya imyenda, kandi ibora. Ifite imiterere idasanzwe nk’iy’imitako ya shimi.

Molekile za selulosi zirimo umubare munini w'amatsinda ya hydroxyl, byoroshye gukora imigozi ya hydrogen imbere mu ngirabuzimafatizo n'imbere mu ngirabuzimafatizo, kandi ibora ku bushyuhe bwinshi idashonga. Ariko, selulosi ifite uburyo bwiza bwo gukora, kandi imigozi yayo ya hydrogène ishobora kwangirika no guhindura imiti cyangwa gushyiramo ibintu, bishobora kugabanya neza urugero rwo gushonga. Nk'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by'inganda, ikoreshwa cyane mu myenda, gutandukanya membrane, plastiki, itabi no gusiga irangi.

04. Guhindura etherification ya selulosi

Cellulose ether ni ubwoko bwa cellulose derivative iboneka binyuze mu guhindura etherification ya cellulose. Ikoreshwa cyane kubera ubunini bwayo bwiza, emulsification, suspension, creation, colloid irinda, kubika ubushuhe, no gufatana. Ikoreshwa mu biribwa, imiti, gukora impapuro, irangi, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, nibindi.

Guhindura selulosi ni uruhererekane rw'ibintu bivamo ibintu ...

Ingero z'ingaruka zo guhindura etherification ku yindi mirimo ya selulose:

Bakoresheje ipamba itunganyijwe nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze, abashakashatsi bakoresheje inzira imwe yo gupima eteri kugira ngo bategure eteri ya carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose complex ifite reaction imwe, viscosity nyinshi, aside nziza kandi irwanya umunyu binyuze mu gutera alkali na etherification. Bakoresheje inzira imwe yo gupima eteri, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose yakozwe ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'umunyu, irwanya aside kandi irashonga. Mu guhindura ingano ya propylene oxide na aside chloroacetic, ibicuruzwa bifite carboxymethyl na hydroxypropyl bitandukanye bishobora gutegurwa. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigaragaza ko carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe ifite ukwezi gugufi, ikoreshwa rike rya solvent, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'umunyu wa monovalent na divalent kandi birwanya aside neza.

05. Icyizere cyo guhindura etherification ya cellulose

Selulosi ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya shimi n'ibinyabutabire bikungahaye ku mutungo, birengera ibidukikije kandi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ibikomoka kuri selulosi bihindura etherification bifite imikorere myiza, uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha n'ingaruka nziza zo kuyikoresha, kandi bihura n'ibyo ubukungu bw'igihugu bukeneye ku rugero runini. Kandi ibyo iterambere ry'imibereho myiza rikeneye, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rihoraho no gushyira mu bikorwa ubucuruzi mu gihe kizaza, niba ibikoresho by'ibanze bya shimi n'uburyo bwa shimi bya shimi bya shimi bishobora kwiyongera mu nganda, bizakoreshwa neza kandi bikoreshwe mu buryo bwinshi. Agaciro