01. Okwu Mmalite nke cellulose
Cellulose bụ polysaccharide macromolecular nke nwere glucose. A naghị agbaze na mmiri na ihe mgbaze organic n'ozuzu. Ọ bụ isi ihe dị na mgbidi mkpụrụ ndụ osisi, ọ bụkwa polysaccharide kachasị kesaa ma baa ụba n'okike.
Cellulose bụ ihe kachasị baa uru n'ụwa, ọ bụkwa polima eke nwere nnukwu mkpokọta. O nwere uru dị ka mmeghari ohuru, ihe na-emebi emebi kpamkpam, na ezigbo ndakọrịta ihe dị ndụ.
02. Ihe kpatara e ji agbanwe cellulose
Mkpụrụ ndụ selulose nwere ọtụtụ otu -OH. N'ihi mmetụta nke njikọ hydrogen, ike dị n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ selulose dị oke ukwuu, nke ga-eduga na nnukwu enthalpy agbaze △H; n'aka nke ọzọ, enwere mgbaaka na mkpụrụ ndụ selulose. Dịka nhazi, ike nke yinye mkpụrụ ndụ dị ukwuu, nke ga-eduga na obere mgbanwe entropy agbaze ΔS. Ihe abụọ a na-eme ka okpomọkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ selulose agbaze (= △H / △S) ga-adị elu, okpomọkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ selulose dịkwa ala. Ya mere, mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ mkpụrụ selulose ruo okpomọkụ ụfọdụ, eriri ga-apụta. Ihe na-eme na mkpụrụ ndụ selulose agbazela tupu ọ malite ịgbaze, ya mere, nhazi nke ihe ndị dị na mkpụrụ selulose enweghị ike ịnabata usoro nke ịgbaze mbụ wee kpụzie ya.
03. Mkpa nke mgbanwe cellulose
Site na mbelata nke akụrụngwa fosil na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-esiwanye njọ nke ákwà eriri kemịkalụ mkpofu na-akpata, mmepe na ojiji nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike a na-emegharị emegharị aghọwo otu n'ime ihe ndị mmadụ na-elebara anya na ha. Cellulose bụ akụrụngwa eke kachasị enwe mmeghari ohuru n'okike. O nwere ihe ndị dị mma dịka ezigbo hygroscopicity, antistatic, ike ikuku na-agafe agafe, ezigbo agba agba, iyi uwe dị mma, nhazi ákwà dị mfe, na mbibi nke ihe ndị na-emebi emebi. O nwere àgwà ndị na-enweghị atụ na eriri kemịkalụ.
Mkpụrụ ndụ selulose nwere ọtụtụ otu hydroxyl, nke dị mfe ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen intramolecular na intermolecular, ma na-agbaze na okpomọkụ dị elu na-agbazeghị. Agbanyeghị, cellulose nwere ezigbo mmeghachi omume, enwere ike ibibi njikọ hydrogen ya site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume grafting, nke nwere ike ibelata ebe agbaze nke ọma. Dịka ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ákwà, nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ, plastik, ụtaba na mkpuchi.
04. Mgbanwe nke Cellulose etherification
Cellulose ether bụ ụdị ihe e si na cellulose nweta site na mgbanwe etherification nke cellulose. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihi oke ọkpụrụkpụ ya, emulsification, nkwụsịtụ ya, nhazi ihe nkiri ya, nchekwa colloid ya, njigide mmiri, na ihe njikọta ya. A na-eji ya eme nri, ọgwụ, ime akwụkwọ, agba, ihe owuwu ụlọ, wdg.
Ndozigharị nke cellulose bụ usoro ihe ndị sitere na mmeghachi omume nke otu hydroxyl na yinye molekul cellulose na ihe ndị na-eme ka alkylating dị n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline. Iri hydroxyl otu na-ebelata ọnụọgụ nke njikọ hydrogen intermolecular iji belata ike intermolecular, si otú a na-eme ka cellulose kwụsie ike, melite arụmọrụ nhazi nke ihe, ma n'otu oge ahụ belata ebe agbaze nke cellulose.
Ihe atụ nke mmetụta nke mgbanwe etherification na ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke cellulose:
Site n'iji owu a nụchara anụcha dị ka ihe ndị bụ isi, ndị nchọpụta jiri usoro etherification otu nzọụkwụ kwadebe carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose complex ether nwere mmeghachi omume otu, oke viscosity, ezigbo acid resistance na nnu resistance site na alkalization na etherification reactions. Site na iji usoro etherification otu nzọụkwụ, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose emepụtara nwere ezigbo nnu resistance, acid resistance na mgbaze. Site na ịgbanwe oke propylene oxide na chloroacetic acid, enwere ike ịkwadebe ngwaahịa nwere dị iche iche carboxymethyl na hydroxypropyl ọdịnaya. Nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ na-egosi na carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose nke usoro otu nzọụkwụ mepụtara nwere obere usoro mmepụta, obere oriri ihe mgbaze, ngwaahịa ahụ nwekwara ezigbo iguzogide nnu movalent na divalent na ezigbo acid resistance.
05. Atụmanya nke mgbanwe etherification cellulose
Cellulose bụ ihe dị mkpa maka kemịkalụ na kemịkalụ nke bara ụba n'ihe onwunwe, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ihe ndị sitere na mgbanwe cellulose etherification nwere arụmọrụ dị mma, ọtụtụ ojiji na mmetụta ojiji dị mma, ma na-egbo mkpa akụ na ụba mba ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu. Na mkpa nke mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, yana ọganihu teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na mmezu nke azụmaahịa n'ọdịnihu, ọ bụrụ na enwere ike ịbawanye ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe na ụzọ sịntetik nke ihe ndị e ji emepụta cellulose, a ga-eji ha nke ọma ma mepụta ọtụtụ ngwa. Uru
Oge ozi: Feb-20-2023