Gypsum yochotsa sulfurization ndi gypsum yopangidwa ndi mafakitale yomwe imapezeka pochotsa sulfur ndi kuyeretsa mpweya wotuluka womwe umapangidwa pambuyo poyatsa mafuta okhala ndi sulfur kudzera mu slurry ya laimu kapena laimu. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kofanana ndi ka gypsum yachilengedwe ya dihydrate, makamaka CaSO4·2H2O. Pakadali pano, njira yopangira magetsi mdziko langa ikadali yolamulidwa ndi kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito malasha, ndipo SO2 yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi malasha popanga magetsi otenthetsera imawononga zoposa 50% ya mpweya wotuluka pachaka wa dziko langa. Kuchuluka kwa sulfur dioxide kwayambitsa kuipitsa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa flue gas desulfurization popanga gypsum yochotsedwa sulfur ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yothetsera chitukuko chaukadaulo cha mafakitale okhudzana ndi malasha. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kutulutsa kwa gypsum yonyowa yochotsedwa sulfur m'dziko langa kwapitirira 90 miliyoni t/a, ndipo njira yogwiritsira ntchito gypsum yochotsedwa sulfur imaunjikana kwambiri, yomwe sikuti imangokhala m'nthaka yokha, komanso imayambitsa kuwononga kwakukulu kwa zinthu.
Gypsum ili ndi ntchito zopepuka, kuchepetsa phokoso, kupewa moto, kutchinjiriza kutentha, ndi zina zotero. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga simenti, kupanga gypsum yomanga, uinjiniya wokongoletsa ndi madera ena. Pakadali pano, akatswiri ambiri achita kafukufuku pa pulasitala wopaka. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti zinthu zopangira pulasitala zimakhala ndi kukula pang'ono, kugwira ntchito bwino komanso pulasitiki, ndipo zimatha kusintha zinthu zachikhalidwe zopangira pulasitala kuti zikongoletse khoma lamkati. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Xu Jianjun ndi ena awonetsa kuti gypsum yosungunuka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zinthu zopepuka za khoma. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Ye Beihong ndi ena awonetsa kuti gypsum yosungunuka yopangidwa ndi gypsum yosungunuka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga pulasitiki yamkati mwa khoma lakunja, khoma lamkati ndi denga, ndipo imatha kuthetsa mavuto wamba monga kuphulika ndi kusweka kwa matope achikhalidwe opangira pulasitala. Gypsum yosungunuka ndi mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zopangira pulasitala zosawononga chilengedwe. Imapangidwa ndi hemihydrate gypsum ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira simenti powonjezera zinthu zopepuka ndi zosakaniza. Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe zopangira pulasitala wa simenti, sizophweka kusweka, kumamatira. Kumangirira bwino, kufupika bwino, kubiriwira komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito gypsum yosungunuka kuti ipange gypsum ya hemihydrate sikuti kumathetsa vuto losowa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomangira gypsum, komanso kumazindikira momwe gypsum yosungunuka imagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kukwaniritsa cholinga choteteza chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, potengera kafukufuku wa gypsum yosungunuka, pepalali limayesa nthawi yokhazikika, mphamvu yosinthasintha komanso mphamvu yokakamiza, kuti liphunzire zinthu zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a gypsum yosungunuka, ndikupereka maziko ophunzirira pakupanga gypsum yosungunuka.
Kuyesera kamodzi
1.1 Zipangizo zopangira
Ufa wa gypsum wopangidwa ndi Hemihydrate wopangidwa ndi kusungunuka ndi ukadaulo wa flue gas desulfurization, makhalidwe ake oyambira akuwonetsedwa mu Gome 1. Chophatikiza chopepuka: mikanda yaying'ono ya vitrified imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo makhalidwe ake oyambira akuwonetsedwa mu Gome 2. Mikanda yaying'ono ya vitrified imasakanizidwa mu chiŵerengero cha 4%, 8%, 12%, ndi 16% kutengera kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki yopepuka ya gypsum yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki.
Chobwezera: Gwiritsani ntchito sodium citrate, kusanthula mankhwala koyera kwa reagent, sodium citrate imachokera ku chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwa matope opepuka a desulfurization gypsum, ndipo chiŵerengero chosakaniza ndi 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%.
Cellulose ether: gwiritsani ntchito hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), kukhuthala ndi 400, HPMC imachokera ku chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwa matope a gypsum opangidwa ndi pulasitala wopepuka, ndipo chiŵerengero chosakaniza ndi 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%.
1.2 Njira yoyesera
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi nthawi yokhazikitsa kukhazikika kwa gypsum yosungunuka ndi sulfure kumatanthauza GB/T17669.4-1999 "Kudziwa Katundu Wachilengedwe wa Gypsum Plaster Yomanga", ndipo nthawi yokhazikitsa pulasitala yopepuka ya gypsum mortar yosungunuka ndi sulfure ikutanthauza GB/T 28627-2012 "Plastering Gypsum" ikuchitika.
Mphamvu zopindika ndi zopondereza za gypsum yochotsedwa sulfuri zimachitika motsatira GB/T9776-2008 “Building Gypsum”, ndipo zitsanzo zokhala ndi kukula kwa 40mm×40mm×160mm zimaumbidwa, ndipo mphamvu ya maola awiri ndi mphamvu youma zimayesedwa motsatana. Mphamvu zopindika ndi zopondereza za matope a gypsum opangidwa ndi pulasitala wopepuka zimayesedwa motsatira GB/T 28627-2012 “Plastering Gypsum”, ndipo mphamvu yachilengedwe yophikira ya 1d ndi 28d imayesedwa motsatana.
2 Zotsatira ndi zokambirana
2.1 Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa ufa wa gypsum pa mphamvu ya makina a plaster yopepuka yochotsera sulfurization gypsum
Kuchuluka konse kwa ufa wa gypsum, ufa wa limestone ndi chosakaniza chopepuka ndi 100%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chosakaniza chokhazikika ndi chosakanizira sichinasinthe. Pamene kuchuluka kwa ufa wa gypsum kuli 60%, 70%, 80%, ndi 90%, kuchotsedwa kwa sulfurization Zotsatira za mphamvu yopindika ndi yokakamiza ya gypsum mortar.
Mphamvu yopindika ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya gypsum mortar yopepuka yopakidwa pulasitiki imawonjezeka ndi ukalamba, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi mu gypsum kumakhala kokwanira ndi ukalamba. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wa gypsum wopakidwa pulasitiki, mphamvu yopindika ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya gypsum yopepuka yopakidwa pulasitiki inawonetsa kukwera kwakukulu, koma kuwonjezekako kunali kochepa, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza pa masiku 28 inali yodziwikiratu. Pa msinkhu wa 1d, mphamvu yopondereza ya ufa wa gypsum wosakanikirana ndi 90% inawonjezeka ndi 10.3% poyerekeza ndi ufa wa gypsum wa 60%, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza yofanana inawonjezeka ndi 10.1%. Ali ndi zaka 28, mphamvu yopondereza ya ufa wa gypsum wosakanikirana ndi 90% inawonjezeka ndi 8.8% poyerekeza ndi ufa wa gypsum wosakanikirana ndi 60%, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza yofanana inawonjezeka ndi 2.6%. Mwachidule, tinganene kuti kuchuluka kwa ufa wa gypsum kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu yopondereza kuposa mphamvu yopondereza.
2.2 Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopepuka pa kapangidwe ka makina a gypsum yopepuka yopangidwa ndi pulasitala
Kuchuluka konse kwa ufa wa gypsum, ufa wa limestone ndi chosakaniza chopepuka ndi 100%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ufa wa gypsum wokhazikika ndi kusakaniza sikunasinthe. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mikanda yaying'ono ya vitrified ndi 4%, 8%, 12%, ndi 16%, pulasitala wopepuka Zotsatira za mphamvu yopindika komanso yokakamiza ya matope a gypsum osungunuka.
Pa msinkhu womwewo, mphamvu yopindika ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya gypsum mortar yopepuka yopangidwa ndi plastered desulfurized inachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma microbeads a vitrified. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ma microbeads ambiri a vitrified ali ndi kapangidwe kopanda kanthu mkati ndipo mphamvu zawo zimakhala zochepa, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yopindika ndi yopondereza ya gypsum mortar yopepuka. Pa msinkhu wa 1d, mphamvu yopindika ya 16% gypsum powder inachepetsedwa ndi 35.3% poyerekeza ndi ya 4% gypsum powder, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza yofanana inachepetsedwa ndi 16.3%. Pa msinkhu wa masiku 28, mphamvu yopindika ya 16% gypsum powder inachepetsedwa ndi 24.6% poyerekeza ndi ya 4% gypsum powder, pomwe mphamvu yopondereza yofanana inachepetsedwa ndi 6.0% yokha. Mwachidule, zitha kunenedwa kuti zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa ma microbeads a vitrified pa mphamvu yopindika ndi zazikulu kuposa za mphamvu yopondereza.
2.3 Zotsatira za zomwe zili mu retarder pa nthawi yoika gypsum yopepuka yopakidwa ndi pulasitiki yosungunuka
Mlingo wonse wa ufa wa gypsum, ufa wa limestone ndi wopepuka ndi 100%, ndipo mlingo wa ufa wokhazikika wa gypsum, ufa wa limestone, wopepuka wopepuka ndi ether ya cellulose sunasinthe. Ngati mlingo wa sodium citrate uli 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, zotsatira za nthawi yoikika ya matope a gypsum opangidwa ndi pulasitala wopepuka.
Nthawi yoyambira yokhazikitsa ndi nthawi yomaliza yokhazikitsa ya gypsum mortar yopepuka yopangidwa ndi pulasitala wopepuka imawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa sodium citrate, koma nthawi yoyambira imakhala yochepa. Pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium citrate kuli 0.3%, nthawi yoyambira yokhazikitsa imatalikitsa mphindi 28, ndipo nthawi yomaliza yokhazikitsa imatalikitsa ndi mphindi 33. Kutalikitsa kwa nthawi yokhazikitsa kungakhale chifukwa cha malo akuluakulu a gypsum yopangidwa ndi sulfur, yomwe imatha kuyamwa retarder yozungulira tinthu ta gypsum, potero imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa gypsum ndikuletsa kupangika kwa gypsum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gypsum slurry isathe kupanga dongosolo lolimba la kapangidwe kake. Kutalikitsa nthawi yokhazikitsa ya gypsum.
2.4 Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa etha ya cellulose pa mphamvu za makina a gypsum yopepuka yopangidwa ndi pulasitala
Mlingo wonse wa ufa wa gypsum, ufa wa limestone ndi aggregate wopepuka ndi 100%, ndipo mlingo wa ufa wa gypsum wokhazikika, ufa wa limestone, aggregate wopepuka ndi retarder sunasinthe. Ngati mlingo wa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose uli 0, 0.1%, 0.2% ndi 0.4%, mphamvu yopindika komanso yopondereza imachokera ku pulasitiki yopepuka ya gypsum yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki.
Pa msinkhu wa 1d, mphamvu ya flexural ya light plastered desulfurized gypsum mortar inayamba kuwonjezeka kenako inachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; pa msinkhu wa 28d, mphamvu ya flexural ya light plastered desulfurized gypsum mortar Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, mphamvu ya flexural inayamba kuchepa, kenako inawonjezeka kenako inachepa. Pamene kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuli 0.2%, mphamvu ya flexural imafika pamlingo wapamwamba, ndipo imaposa mphamvu yofanana pamene kuchuluka kwa cellulose kuli 0. Mosasamala kanthu za zaka za 1d kapena 28d, mphamvu yokakamiza ya light plastered desulfurized gypsum mortar imachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ndipo kuchepa kofananako kumaonekera kwambiri pa 28d. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti etha ya cellulose imasunga madzi ndi kukhuthala, ndipo kufunikira kwa madzi kuti akhale ogwirizana kudzawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa etha ya cellulose, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti cha kapangidwe ka slurry chiwonjezeke, motero kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chitsanzo cha gypsum.
3 Mapeto
(1) Kuchuluka kwa madzi mu gypsum yosasungunuka kumakhala kokwanira ndi ukalamba. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wa gypsum wosasungunuka, mphamvu yopindika komanso yopapatiza ya gypsum yopepuka idawonetsa kukwera kwakukulu, koma kuwonjezekako kunali kochepa.
(2) Pamene kuchuluka kwa mikanda yaing'ono ya vitrified kukuwonjezeka, mphamvu yopindika ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya gypsum mortar yopepuka yopangidwa ndi pulasitala imachepa moyenerera, koma mphamvu ya kuchuluka kwa mikanda yaing'ono ya vitrified pa mphamvu yopindika ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yopondereza.
(3) Pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium citrate kumawonjezeka, nthawi yoyambira yokhazikitsa ndi nthawi yomaliza yokhazikitsa ya gypsum mortar yopepuka yopangidwa ndi pulasitala imatalikitsidwa, koma pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium citrate kuli kochepa, zotsatira zake pa nthawi yokhazikitsa sizikuonekeratu.
(4) Ndi kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, mphamvu yokakamiza ya gypsum mortar yopepuka yopangidwa ndi plastered desulfurized imachepa, koma mphamvu yosinthasintha ikuwonetsa chizolowezi choyamba kuwonjezeka kenako kuchepa pa 1d, ndipo pa 28d Ikuwonetsa chizolowezi chotsika choyamba, kenako kuwonjezeka kenako kuchepa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-02-2023