Ko te gypsum whakakore-pūhaumāota he gypsum ā-ahumahi i whiwhi mā te whakakore-pūhaumāota me te pure i te hau paru i puta mai i muri i te tahunga o te wahie kei roto he whanariki mā te paru raima pai, te paura raima rānei. He rite tonu tōna hanganga matū ki te gypsum dihydrate tūturu, ko te nuinga ko te CaSO4·2H2O. I tēnei wā, ko te tikanga whakaputa hiko o tōku whenua kei te nuinga tonu o te whakaputa hiko waro, ā, ko te SO2 e tukuna ana e te waro i roto i te tukanga whakaputa hiko wera e neke atu ana i te 50% o ngā tukunga ā-tau o tōku whenua. He nui te nui o te tukunga hauhā whanariki kua puta ai he parahanga nui ki te taiao. Ko te whakamahinga o te hangarau whakakore-pūhaumāota hau paru hei whakaputa gypsum whakakore-pūhaumāota he mehua nui hei whakaoti i te whanaketanga hangarau o ngā ahumahi e pā ana ki te waro. E ai ki ngā tatauranga kāore i oti, kua neke atu i te 90 miriona tana ia te tukunga o te gypsum whakakore-pūhaumāota maku i tōku whenua, ā, ko te tikanga tukatuka o te gypsum whakakore-pūhaumāota he puranga nui, ehara i te mea e noho ana i te whenua anake, engari he nui hoki te maumau rauemi.
He māmā ngā mahi a te gypsum, he whakaiti haruru, he ārai ahi, he ārai wera, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te hanga sima, te hanga gypsum hanga, te hangarau whakapaipai me ētahi atu mara. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā tohunga kua rangahau i te pāreti. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he whānui ake te rauemi pāreti, he pai te mahi me te kirihou, ā, ka taea te whakakapi i ngā rauemi pāreti tuku iho mō te whakapaipai pakitara o roto. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau a Xu Jianjun me ētahi atu ka taea te whakamahi i te gypsum whakakore-whanariki hei hanga rauemi pakitara māmā. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau a Ye Beihong me ētahi atu ka taea te whakamahi i te gypsum pāreti i hangaia e te gypsum whakakore-whanariki mō te paparanga pāreti o te taha o roto o te pakitara o waho, te pakitara wehewehe o roto me te tuanui, ā, ka taea te whakaoti i ngā raruraru kounga noa pēnei i te anga me te pakaru o te moata pāreti tuku iho. Ko te gypsum pāreti māmā he momo hou o te rauemi pāreti hoa taiao. He mea hanga ki te gypsum hemihydrate hei rauemi sima matua mā te tāpiri i ngā mea matotoru me ngā ranunga. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi pāreti sima tuku iho, ehara i te mea ngāwari ki te pakaru, ki te piri. He pai te here, he pai te whakaheke, he matomato me te tiaki taiao. Ko te whakamahinga o te gypsum whakakore-pūkawa hei hanga gypsum hemihydrate ehara i te mea ka whakaoti noa i te raruraru o te korenga o ngā rauemi gypsum hanga whare tūturu, engari ka kitea hoki te whakamahinga rauemi o te gypsum whakakore-pūkawa, ā, ka tutuki ai te kaupapa o te tiaki i te taiao. Nō reira, i runga i te rangahau o te gypsum whakakore-pūkawa, ka whakamātautauhia e tēnei pepa te wā whakatakoto, te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi, hei ako i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te mahi a te moata gypsum whakakore-pūkawa māmā, me te whakarato i tētahi pūtake ariā mō te whanaketanga o te moata gypsum whakakore-pūkawa māmā.
1 whakamātautau
1.1 Ngā rauemi mata
Paura gypsum whakakore whanariki: Ko te gypsum hemihydrate i hangaia me te whakapūkara mā te hangarau whakakore whanariki hau korere, ko ōna āhuatanga taketake e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 1. Ko te konganuku māmā: e whakamahia ana ngā piripiri moroiti whakakīkī, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga taketake e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 2. Ka whakaranua ngā piripiri moroiti whakakīkī ki te ōwehenga o te 4%, 8%, 12%, me te 16% i runga i te ōwehenga papatipu o te moata gypsum whakakore whanariki kua pania ki te parai māmā.
Whakaroa: Whakamahia te konutai citrate, te tātari matū parakore, ko te konutai citrate e hangai ana i te ōwehenga taumaha o te moata gypsum desulfurization raima māmā, ā, ko te ōwehenga whakaranu he 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%.
Te etera cellulose: te whakamahi i te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ko te matotoru he 400, ko te HPMC e hangai ana i te ōwehenga taumaha o te moata gypsum desulfurized kua pania ki te raima māmā, ā, ko te ōwehenga whakaranu he 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%.
1.2 Tikanga whakamātautau
Ko te wai e whakamahia ana me te wā whakatakoto o te matotoru paerewa o te gypsum whakakore-pūngoi e pā ana ki te GB/T17669.4-1999 "Te Whakatau i ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana o te Pāreti Gypsum Whare", ā, ko te wā whakatakoto o te mōta gypsum whakakore-pūngoi mārama e pā ana ki te GB/T 28627-2012 "Te Pāreti Gypsum".
Ka mahia ngā kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te gypsum whakakore-whāwhā kia rite ki te GB/T9776-2008 "Building Gypsum", ā, ka whakapūtāhia ngā tauira he 40mm × 40mm × 160mm te rahi, ā, ka inehia te kaha 2h me te kaha maroke. Ka mahia ngā kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te moata gypsum whakakore-whāwhā kua pania kia rite ki te GB/T 28627-2012 "Plastering Gypsum", ā, ka inehia te kaha o te whakamaroke taiao mō te 1d me te 28d.
2 Ngā Hua me te Kōrero
2.1 Te pānga o te paura gypsum ki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te gypsum whakakorenga whanariki mō te raima māmā
Ko te tapeke o te paura gypsum, te paura kōhatu me te konganuku mama he 100%, ā, ko te nui o te konganuku mama pumau me te ranunga kāore e rerekē. Ina he 60%, 70%, 80%, me te 90% te nui o te paura gypsum, ka puta te whakakorenga whanariki, arā, ko te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te moata gypsum.
Ka piki ake te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te moata gypsum kua pania ki te whanariki māmā i te pakeketanga, e tohu ana ka nui ake te nui o te wai o te gypsum i te pakeketanga. I te pikinga ake o te paura gypsum kua pania ki te whanariki, ka piki ake te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te gypsum kua pania ki te whanariki māmā, engari he iti noa te pikinga, ā, i tino kitea te kaha pēhi i te 28 rā. I te pakeketanga 1 rā, ka piki ake te kaha piko o te paura gypsum i konatunatua ki te 90% mā te 10.3% ki te whakataurite ki te paura gypsum 60%, ā, ka piki ake te kaha pēhi e rite ana mā te 10.1%. I te pakeketanga o te 28 rā, ka piki ake te kaha piko o te paura gypsum i konatunatua ki te 90% mā te 8.8% ki te whakataurite ki te paura gypsum i konatunatua ki te 60%, ā, ka piki ake te kaha pēhi e rite ana mā te 2.6%. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka taea te whakatau ko te nui o te paura gypsum he nui ake te pānga ki te kaha piko i te kaha pēhi.
2.2 Te pānga o te nui o te konganuku māmā ki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki kua pania ki te parai māmā
Ko te tapeke o te paura gypsum, te paura kōhatu me te konganuku māmā he 100%, ā, ko te nui o te paura gypsum kua mau me te ranunga kāore e rerekē. Ina he 4%, 8%, 12%, me te 16% te nui o ngā piripiri moroiti kua whakakīia, ka kitea te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te moata gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki.
I taua tau anō, ka heke te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te moata gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki mā te pikinga ake o te ihirangi o ngā moata moroiti kua whakakikoruatia. Nā te mea he hanganga kōhao te nuinga o ngā moata moroiti kua whakakikoruatia, ā, he iti te kaha o roto, ka whakaiti i te kaha piko me te pēhi o te moata gypsum māmā. I te tau 1d, ka heke te kaha piko o te paura gypsum 16% mā te 35.3% ki te whakataurite ki te paura gypsum 4%, ā, ka heke te kaha pēhi e rite ana mā te 16.3%. I te 28 o ngā rā, ka heke te kaha piko o te paura gypsum 16% mā te 24.6% ki te whakataurite ki te paura gypsum 4%, ko te kaha pēhi e rite ana i heke noa iho mā te 6.0%. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka taea te whakatau ko te pānga o te ihirangi o ngā moata moroiti kua whakakikoruatia ki te kaha piko he nui ake i tērā ki te kaha pēhi.
2.3 Te pānga o te ihirangi whakaroa ki te wā whakatō o te gypsum kua pania ki te parai mārama
Ko te horopeta katoa o te paura gypsum, te paura kōhatu me te kirikiri māmā he 100%, ā, ko te horopeta o te paura gypsum pumau, te paura kōhatu, te kirikiri māmā me te cellulose ether kāore i rerekē. Ina he 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% te horopeta o te konutai citrate, ka puta te wā whakatakoto o te moata gypsum kua pania ki te kirikiri māmā.
Ka piki ake te wā whakatakoto tuatahi me te wā whakatakoto whakamutunga o te moata gypsum kua pania ki te parai mārama, engari he iti noa te pikinga o te wā whakatakoto. Ina 0.3% te ihirangi sodium citrate, ka roa ake te wā whakatakoto tuatahi mō te 28 meneti, ā, ka roa ake te wā whakatakoto whakamutunga mō te 33 meneti. Tērā pea nā te whānui o te mata o te gypsum kua pania ki te whanariki te roanga o te wā whakatakoto, ka taea te mimiti i te aukati i te taha o ngā matūriki gypsum, ā, ka whakaiti i te tere memeha o te gypsum, ka aukati hoki i te tioata o te gypsum, ka kore e taea e te paru gypsum te hanga i tētahi pūnaha hanganga pakari. Ka roa ake te wā whakatakoto o te gypsum.
2.4 Te pānga o te ihirangi cellulose ether ki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te gypsum whakamaroke kua pania ki te whanariki māmā
Ko te horopeta katoa o te paura gypsum, te paura kōhatu me te kirikiri māmā he 100%, ā, ko te horopeta o te paura gypsum pumau, te paura kōhatu, te kirikiri māmā me te mea ārai ka noho tonu. Ina he 0, 0.1%, 0.2% me te 0.4% te horopeta o te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ka hua ake te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te moata gypsum kua pania ki te kirikiri māmā.
I te pakeketanga o te 1d, ka piki ake te kaha piko o te moata gypsum whakakore-pūkawa māmā, kātahi ka heke iho i te pikinga o te ihirangi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; i te pakeketanga o te 28d, ka piki ake te kaha piko o te moata gypsum whakakore-pūkawa māmā. I te pikinga o te ihirangi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ka whakaatuhia e te kaha piko he ia o te hekenga tuatahi, kātahi ka piki ake, kātahi ka heke iho. Ina 0.2% te ihirangi o te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ka eke te kaha piko ki te mōrahi, ā, ka neke atu i te kaha e rite ana ina 0 te ihirangi o te cellulose. Ahakoa te pakeketanga o te 1d, o te 28d rānei, ka heke te kaha pēhi o te moata gypsum whakakore-pūkawa māmā me te pikinga o te ihirangi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ā, ka kitea ake te ia o te hekenga e rite ana i te 28d. Nā te mea he pānga pupuri wai me te matotoru o te cellulose ether tēnei, ā, ka piki ake te hiahia wai mō te ōritetanga paerewa me te pikinga o te ihirangi cellulose ether, ka hua ake he pikinga o te ōwehenga wai-sima o te hanganga paru, ka whakaitihia te kaha o te tauira gypsum.
3 Whakamutunga
(1) Ka nui haere te makuku o te gypsum whakakore-whāwhā i te pakeketanga. I te pikinga ake o te paura gypsum whakakore-whāwhā, ka piki ake te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te gypsum paninga māmā, engari he iti noa te pikinga.
(2) I te pikinga ake o te ihirangi o ngā piripiri moroiti whakakoi, ka heke te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi o te moata gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki, engari ko te pānga o te ihirangi o ngā piripiri moroiti whakakoi ki te kaha piko he nui ake i te kaha pēhi.
(3) I te pikinga ake o te ihirangi konutai citrate, ka roa ake te wā whakatakoto tuatahi me te wā whakatakoto whakamutunga o te moata gypsum kua pania ki te whakarewa marama, engari ki te iti te ihirangi o te konutai citrate, kāore e kitea te pānga ki te wā whakatakoto.
(4) I te pikinga ake o te ihirangi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ka heke te kaha pēhi o te moata gypsum kua whakakorengia te whanariki, engari ko te kaha piko e whakaatu ana i te ia o te pikinga tuatahi, kātahi ka heke iho i te 1d, ā, i te 28d i whakaatu i te ia o te hekenga tuatahi, kātahi ka piki ake, kātahi ka heke iho.
Te wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-02-2023