Machitidwe a mankhwala mu kuwiritsa kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)ndi mankhwala osungunuka m'madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi zamankhwala, ndipo ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito, monga kutulutsa mankhwala, kukonza chakudya ndi zipangizo zomangira. Machitidwe a mankhwala mu njira yake yopangira fermentation amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka ndi kusintha kwa cellulose ndi ntchito za kagayidwe kachakudya ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti timvetse bwino momwe HPMC imagwirira ntchito mu njira yopangira fermentation, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kake koyambira ndi momwe cellulose imagwirira ntchito.

1. Kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe oyambira a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

HPMC ndi chinthu chochokera ku chinthu chomwe chimapezeka mwa kusintha kwa mankhwala a cellulose yachilengedwe (Cellulose). Msana wa unyolo wake wa mamolekyu ndi mamolekyu a shuga (C6H12O6) olumikizidwa ndi ma β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Cellulose yokha ndi yovuta kusungunuka m'madzi, koma poyambitsa magulu a methyl (-OCH3) ndi hydroxypropyl (-C3H7OH), kusungunuka kwa madzi kumatha kusinthidwa kwambiri kuti apange polima wosungunuka. Njira yosinthira HPMC nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo momwe cellulose imagwirira ntchito ndi methyl chloride (CH3Cl) ndi propylene alcohol (C3H6O) pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkaline, ndipo chinthu chomwe chimachokera chimakhala ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu komanso kusungunuka.

2. Machitidwe a mankhwala panthawi yophika

Njira yophikira ya HPMC nthawi zambiri imadalira momwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito HPMC ngati gwero la kaboni komanso chakudya. Njira yophikira ya HPMC imaphatikizapo magawo akuluakulu otsatirawa:

2.1. Kuwonongeka kwa HPMC

Selose yokha imapangidwa ndi mayunitsi a shuga olumikizidwa, ndipo HPMC idzawonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda panthawi yophika, kenako n’kusungunuka kukhala shuga wochepa wogwiritsidwa ntchito (monga shuga, xylose, ndi zina zotero). Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu kwa ma enzyme ambiri owononga cellulose. Zochita zazikulu zomwe zimawononga cellulose ndi izi:

Maselo opangidwa ndi cellulose hydrolysis: Ma β-1,4 glycosidic bonds mu mamolekyu a cellulose adzasweka ndi ma cellulose hydrolases (monga cellulase, endocellulase), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala waufupi (monga oligosaccharides, disaccharides, ndi zina zotero). Shuga awa adzasinthidwa kukhala metabolism ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Hydrolysis ndi kuwonongeka kwa HPMC: Zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwa methyl ndi hydroxypropyl mu molekyulu ya HPMC zidzachotsedwa pang'ono ndi hydrolysis. Njira yeniyeni ya hydrolysis reaction sinamvetsetsedwe bwino, koma zitha kuganiziridwa kuti m'malo omwe amaphika, hydrolysis reaction imayambitsidwa ndi ma enzyme omwe amatulutsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga hydroxyl esterase). Njira imeneyi imabweretsa kusweka kwa unyolo wa mamolekyulu a HPMC ndikuchotsedwa kwa magulu ogwira ntchito, pamapeto pake kupanga mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono a shuga.

2.2. Machitidwe a kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi

HPMC ikangosanduka mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono a shuga, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kusintha shuga amenewa kukhala mphamvu kudzera mu ma enzyme reactions. Makamaka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timawononga shuga kukhala ethanol, lactic acid kapena metabolites ena kudzera mu njira zowiritsira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosiyanasiyana titha kuwononga zinthu za HPMC kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Njira zodziwika bwino za kagayidwe ka shuga ndi izi:

Njira ya Glycolysis: Shuga imasungunuka kukhala pyruvate ndi ma enzymes ndipo imasanduka mphamvu (ATP) ndi metabolites (monga lactic acid, ethanol, ndi zina zotero).

Kupanga kwa zinthu zophika: Pansi pa mikhalidwe ya anaerobic kapena hypoxic, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasintha shuga kapena zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka kukhala ma organic acid monga ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, ndi zina zotero kudzera munjira zophika, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

2.3. Redox reaction

Pa nthawi ya HPMC yophika, tizilombo tina tingasinthe zinthu zapakati kudzera mu redox reactions. Mwachitsanzo, njira yopangira ethanol imaphatikizidwa ndi redox reactions, shuga imasungunuka kuti ipange pyruvate, kenako pyruvate imasinthidwa kukhala ethanol kudzera mu reduction reactions. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti maselo azikhala bwino.

3. Zinthu zowongolera pakuphika

Pa nthawi ya HPMC yophika, zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhudza kwambiri momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pH, kutentha, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka, kuchuluka kwa michere m'thupi, ndi zina zotero zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe timapanga. Makamaka kutentha ndi pH, ntchito ya ma enzyme a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imatha kusiyana kwambiri pansi pa kutentha ndi pH zosiyanasiyana, kotero ndikofunikira kuwongolera molondola momwe HPMC imagwirira ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti HPMC ikuwonongeka komanso kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito metabolic ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ikuyenda bwino.

Njira yophikiraHPMCZimakhudza machitidwe ovuta a mankhwala, kuphatikizapo hydrolysis ya cellulose, kuwonongeka kwa HPMC, kagayidwe ka shuga, ndi kupanga zinthu zophika. Kumvetsetsa machitidwewa sikuti kumathandiza kokha kukonza njira yophika ya HPMC, komanso kumapereka chithandizo chamalingaliro pakupanga mafakitale okhudzana ndi izi. Ndi kuzama kwa kafukufuku, njira zophika bwino komanso zotsika mtengo zitha kupangidwa mtsogolo kuti ziwongolere bwino kuwonongeka kwa HPMC ndi zokolola za zinthu, ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito HPMC mu biotransformation, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi madera ena.