Yiziphi izinhlobo ezinciphisa amanzi futhi yiziphi izici zazo?

Ama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi, aziwa nangokuthi ama-plasticizer noma ama-superplasticizer, ayizithasiselo zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa ekuxubeni kwekhonkrithi nodaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, kuncishiswe okuqukethwe amanzi, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezinto. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile:

1. Ama-Lignosulfonates: Ama-Lignosulfonates atholakala ku-pulp yokhuni futhi angenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zezinto ezinciphisa amanzi. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ekuxubeni kwekhonkrithi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi ngenkathi egcina amandla anele. Ama-Lignosulfonates ashibhile futhi ahambisana nezinhlobo eziningi zesimende.
2. Ama-Naphthalene Sulfonates: Ama-Naphthalene sulfonate anciphisa amanzi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni okuqukethwe kwamanzi ezingxubeni zekhonkrithi ngenkathi ethuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi nokusebenza kahle. Afaneleka kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ikhonkrithi enamandla aphezulu enezilinganiso eziphansi zamanzi nosimende. Ama-Naphthalene sulfonates angasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuhlukaniswa nokopha kukhonkrithi.
3. Ama-Melamine Sulfonates: Ama-Melamine-based water reducers anikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokunciphisa amanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-lignosulfonates nama-naphthalene sulfonates. Anikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu okuqala, kanye nokuqina okuthuthukisiwe ekuxubeni kwekhonkrithi. Ama-Melamine sulfonates avame ukusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwekhonkrithi esebenza kahle kakhulu njengekhonkrithi elungisiwe kanye ne-pre-stressed.
4. Ama-Polycarboxylate Ethers (ama-PCE): Ama-Polycarboxylate ethers ayisizukulwane esisha sama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi aziwa ngokusebenza kwawo kahle nangokuhlukahluka. Anganciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwamanzi ezingxubeni zekhonkrithi ngenkathi egcina ukugeleza nokusebenziseka kahle isikhathi eside. Ama-PCE anikeza ukuhambisana okuhle kakhulu nezinhlobo ezahlukene zekhonkrithi kanye nokuxubana futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwekhonkrithi ezizihlanganisayo (i-SCC) kanye nekhonkrithi esebenza kahle (i-HPC).
5. Izingxube Ezihlanganisiwe: Ezinye izinto ezinciphisa amanzi zakhiwe njengezingxube ezihlanganisiwe, ezingase zihlanganise ingxube yamakhemikhali ahlukene ukuze kufezwe imigomo ethile yokusebenza. Lezi zingxube zingase zinikeze imiphumela yokusebenzisana, njengokugcinwa kokuwa okuthuthukisiwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe, noma ukuncipha kokungena komoya.

Izici zezinto ezinciphisa amanzi zingafaka:

• Ukunciphisa Amanzi: Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinto ezinciphisa amanzi ukunciphisa inani lamanzi axutshwayo adingekayo ukuze kufezwe ukuvumelana okufiselekayo kwezingxube zekhonkrithi noma ze-mortar. Lokhu kusiza ekuthuthukiseni amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinto ngenkathi kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlukaniswa nokopha.
• Ukusebenza Kahle: Izinto ezinciphisa amanzi zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokugeleza kahle kwezingxube zekhonkrithi, okuvumela ukubekwa nokuhlanganiswa okulula ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla noma ukuhlangana. Zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezingxube nezinto eziqinisa ukhonkrithi kuyo yonke ingxube.
• Ukuhambisana: Izinto ezinciphisa amanzi kufanele zihambisane nezinye izinto ezixutshwe kanye nezithasiselo ezisetshenziswa ekuxubeni kwekhonkrithi, njengezithasiselo zokungenisa umoya, izithasiselo ezibekiwe, kanye nezisheshisi. Ukuhambisana kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezifiselekayo kanye nokusebenza kwekhonkrithi kufezwa ngaphandle kokusabela okubi noma imiphumela emibi.
• Izinga Lomthamo: Ukusebenza kahle kwezinto ezinciphisa amanzi kuncike esilinganisweni somthamo, esivame ukuvezwa njengephesenti lokuqukethwe kwezinto ezisimende engxubeni. Izinga lomthamo elifanele lingahluka kuye ngezici ezifana nohlobo lwesimende, izici ezihlanganisiwe, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, kanye nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezifiselekayo.
• Isikhathi Sokubeka: Ezinye izinto ezinciphisa amanzi zingase zithonye isikhathi sokusetha izingxube zekhonkrithi, kungaba ukusheshisa noma ukubambezela izikhathi zokusetha zokuqala nezokugcina. Isilinganiso esifanele kanye nokukhetha izinto zokunciphisa amanzi kuyadingeka ukuze kufezwe izici zokusetha ezifiselekayo zezicelo ezithile zokwakha.
• Izindleko Nokusebenza: Izinto okufanele uzicabangele njengokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, izidingo zokusebenza, kanye nokucaciswa kwephrojekthi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi efanele isicelo esithile. Kubalulekile ukuhlola izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokunciphisa amanzi ukuze kunqunywe inketho efaneleke kakhulu yezidingo zephrojekthi.

Izinto zokunciphisa amanzi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza nokuqina kwezingxube zekhonkrithi nodaka, okuvumela imikhuba yokwakha ephumelelayo kanye nekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe yezakhiwo eziqediwe.