Ndi mitundu iti yomwe imachepetsa madzi ndipo ndi makhalidwe ati omwe ali nawo?

Zinthu zochepetsera madzi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti mapulasitiki kapena ma superplasticizer, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu konkriti ndi matope osakaniza kuti zigwire bwino ntchito, zichepetse kuchuluka kwa madzi, komanso kuti zinthuzo zigwire bwino ntchito. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zinthu zochepetsera madzi, iliyonse ili ndi makhalidwe ake komanso ntchito zake. Nazi mitundu yodziwika bwino:

1. Ma Lignosulfonates: Ma Lignosulfonates amachokera ku matabwa ndipo ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri yochepetsera madzi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga simenti kuti azitha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi pomwe akukhalabe ndi mphamvu zokwanira. Ma Lignosulfonates ndi otsika mtengo ndipo amagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti.
2. Naphthalene Sulfonates: Zochepetsera madzi zochokera ku Naphthalene sulfonate zimathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi mu konkire komanso zimathandizira kuyenda bwino komanso kugwira ntchito bwino. Ndizoyenera kwambiri popanga konkire yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha madzi ndi simenti. Naphthalene sulfonates ingathandizenso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kupatukana ndi kutuluka magazi mu konkire.
3. Melamine Sulfonates: Mankhwala ochepetsa madzi okhala ndi melamine amapereka mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zochepetsera madzi poyerekeza ndi lignosulfonates ndi naphthalene sulfonates. Amapereka mphamvu zogwirira ntchito bwino, mphamvu zoyambirira, komanso kulimba bwino mu zosakaniza za konkriti. Melamine sulfonates nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zapamwamba za konkriti monga konkriti yokonzedwa kale komanso yolimbikitsidwa kale.
4. Ma Ether a Polycarboxylate (PCE): Ma ether a Polycarboxylate ndi mbadwo watsopano wa zinthu zochepetsera madzi zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zimasinthasintha. Zingathe kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi mu konkriti pomwe zimasunga kuyenda bwino komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Ma PCE amapereka mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti ndi zosakaniza ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito zodzigwirizanitsa zokha (SCC) ndi konkriti yogwira ntchito bwino (HPC).
5. Zosakaniza Zosakaniza: Zina mwa zinthu zochepetsera madzi zimapangidwa ngati zosakaniza zosakaniza, zomwe zingaphatikizepo kusakaniza kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zolinga zinazake. Zosakanizazi zingapereke zotsatira zogwirizana, monga kusunga bwino kutsika kwa madzi, kukula kwa mphamvu, kapena kuchepetsa mpweya wolowa.

Zizindikiro za zinthu zochepetsera madzi zitha kukhala izi:

• Kuchepetsa Madzi: Ntchito yaikulu ya zinthu zochepetsera madzi ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi osakaniza omwe amafunikira kuti konkire kapena matope asakanike bwino. Izi zimathandiza kulimbitsa mphamvu, kulimba, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa zinthuzo pamene zikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kupatukana ndi kutuluka magazi.
• Kugwira Ntchito: Zinthu zochepetsera madzi zimathandiza kuti zosakaniza za konkire zigwire ntchito bwino komanso kuyenda bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zikhale zosavuta kuziyika komanso kuzigwirizanitsa popanda kuwononga mphamvu kapena kugwirizana. Zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zosakaniza ndi zinthu zomangira simenti zikugawidwa mofanana muzosakaniza zonse.
• Kugwirizana: Zinthu zochepetsera madzi ziyenera kugwirizana ndi zinthu zina zosakaniza ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zosakaniza za konkriti, monga zinthu zolowetsa mpweya, zoletsa kutentha, ndi zothamangitsa kutentha. Kugwirizana kumatsimikizira kuti makhalidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a konkriti amakwaniritsidwa popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa kapena zotsatirapo zoyipa.
• Mlingo wa Mlingo: Kugwira ntchito kwa zinthu zochepetsera madzi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mlingo, komwe nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimbitsa simenti zomwe zili mu chisakanizocho. Mlingo woyenera wa mlingo ungasiyane malinga ndi zinthu monga mtundu wa simenti, mawonekedwe a zinthu zonse, kutentha kwa malo, ndi mawonekedwe a simenti omwe mukufuna.
• Nthawi Yokhazikitsa: Zinthu zina zochepetsera madzi zimatha kusintha nthawi yokhazikitsa konkriti, mwina kufulumizitsa kapena kuchedwetsa nthawi yokhazikitsa konkriti. Mlingo woyenera komanso kusankha zochepetsera madzi ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ofunikira pa ntchito zinazake zomangira.
• Mtengo ndi Kagwiridwe ka Ntchito: Zinthu monga kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, zofunikira pa ntchito, ndi kufotokozera za polojekiti zimathandiza kwambiri posankha chinthu choyenera chochepetsera madzi pa ntchito inayake. Ndikofunikira kuwunika ubwino ndi zofooka za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zochepetsera madzi kuti mudziwe njira yoyenera kwambiri pa ntchitoyo.

Zinthu zochepetsera madzi zimathandiza kwambiri pakukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi kulimba kwa zosakaniza za konkire ndi matope, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito zomanga zikhale zogwira mtima komanso kuti nyumba zomalizidwa zikhale bwino.