I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) iyisithako esisebenzayo esisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene njengokudla, imithi, ukwenza amaphepha, izindwangu, kanye nokumbiwa. Itholakala ku-cellulose yemvelo, etholakala kakhulu ezitshalweni nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo. I-CMC iyi-polymer encibilika emanzini enezakhiwo ezihlukile ezifaka phakathi i-viscosity, i-hydration, i-adhesion kanye ne-adhesion.
Izici ze-CMC
I-CMC iyi-cellulose derivative eguqulwa ngamakhemikhali ngokungenisa amaqembu e-carboxymethyl esakhiweni sayo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuthuthukisa ukuncibilika kanye nokunamathela kwe-cellulose, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza. Izakhiwo ze-CMC zincike ezingeni layo lokushintshana (DS) kanye nesisindo sama-molecular (MW). I-DS ichazwa njengenani elimaphakathi lamaqembu e-carboxymethyl ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose kumgogodla we-cellulose, kuyilapho i-MW ibonisa usayizi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamaketanga e-polymer.
Esinye sezimpawu ezibalulekile ze-CMC ukuncibilika kwayo emanzini. I-CMC incibilika kalula emanzini, yakha isixazululo esiqinile esinezakhiwo ze-pseudoplastic. Lokhu kuziphatha kwe-rheological kubangelwa ukusebenzisana kwama-molecule phakathi kwama-molecule e-CMC, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-viscosity ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kwe-shear. Uhlobo lwe-pseudoplastic lwezixazululo ze-CMC luzenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene njengezithambisi, iziqinisi, kanye nama-suspending agents.
Esinye isici esibalulekile se-CMC yikhono layo lokwenza ifilimu. Izixazululo ze-CMC zingafakwa kumafilimu anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ukucaca, kanye nokuguquguquka. Lawa mafilimu angasetshenziswa njengezembozo, ama-laminate kanye nezinto zokupakisha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CMC inezakhiwo ezinhle zokubopha nokubopha. Yakha isibopho esiqinile ngezindawo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukhuni, insimbi, ipulasitiki kanye nendwangu. Lesi sakhiwo siholele ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CMC ekukhiqizeni izembozo, izinamathiselo kanye noyinki.
I-CMC viscosity
Ukuqina kwezixazululo ze-CMC kuncike ezintweni eziningana ezifana nokuhlushwa, i-DS, i-MW, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-pH. Ngokuvamile, izixazululo ze-CMC zibonisa ukuqina okuphezulu ekuhlushweni okuphezulu, i-DS, kanye ne-MW. Ukuqina kuyanda futhi ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa kanye ne-pH.
Ukuqina kwezixazululo ze-CMC kulawulwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaketanga e-polymer nama-molecule e-solvent esixazululweni. Ama-molecule e-CMC asebenzisana nama-molecule amanzi ngokusebenzisa izibopho ze-hydrogen, akha igobolondo lomswakama elizungeze amaketanga e-polymer. Leli gobolondo lomswakama linciphisa ukuhamba kwamaketanga e-polymer, ngaleyo ndlela landise ukuqina kwesisombululo.
Ukuziphatha kwe-rheological kwezixazululo ze-CMC kubonakala ngama-flow curve, achaza ubudlelwano phakathi kokucindezeleka kokugunda kanye nesilinganiso sokuguguleka kwesisombululo. Izixazululo ze-CMC zibonisa ukuziphatha kokugeleza okungeyona i-Newtonian, okusho ukuthi i-viscosity yazo iyashintsha ngesilinganiso sokuguguleka. Ngamazinga aphansi okuguguleka, i-viscosity yezixazululo ze-CMC iphakeme, kanti ngamazinga aphezulu okuguguleka, i-viscosity iyancipha. Lokhu kuziphatha kokunciphisa ukuguguleka kungenxa yokuqondanisa nokwelula kwamaketanga e-polymer ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kokugunda, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla aphakathi kwama-molecule phakathi kwamaketanga kanye nokwehla kwe-viscosity.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CMC
I-CMC isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokuziphatha kwayo kwe-rheological. Embonini yokudla, i-CMC isetshenziswa njengesithambisi, isiqinisi, i-emulsifier kanye nesithuthukisi sokuthungwa. Ingezwa ekudleni okufana ne-ayisikhilimu, iziphuzo, amasoso kanye nezinto ezibhakiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthungwa kwazo, ukuqina kwazo kanye nokuphila kwazo eshalofini. I-CMC ivimbela futhi ukwakheka kwamakristalu eqhwa ekudleni okuqandisiwe, okuholela kumkhiqizo obushelelezi, okhilimu.
Embonini yezemithi, i-CMC isetshenziswa njenge-binder, disintegrant kanye ne-release agent elawulwayo ekwakhiweni kwamaphilisi. Thuthukisa ukucindezelwa kanye nokugeleza kwempuphu futhi kuqinisekiswe ukufana kanye nokuqina kwamaphilisi. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokunamathela kanye nokunamathela okuphilayo, i-CMC isetshenziswa futhi njengesithako ekwakhiweni kwamehlo, ekhaleni, nasemlonyeni.
Embonini yephepha, i-CMC isetshenziswa njengesithako esimanzi, isihlanganisi sokumboza kanye ne-ejenti yokucindezela yosayizi. Ithuthukisa ukugcinwa kwe-pulp kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi, yandisa amandla nobuningi bephepha, futhi inikeza indawo ebushelelezi necwebezelayo. I-CMC isebenza futhi njengesivikelo samanzi namafutha, ivimbela uyinki noma olunye uketshezi ukuthi lungangeni ephepheni.
Embonini yezindwangu, i-CMC isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa, isithambisi sokunyathelisa, kanye nokweseka ukudaya. Ithuthukisa ukunamathela kwefayibha, ithuthukisa ukungena kombala kanye nokuqina kwawo, futhi inciphisa ukungqubuzana kanye nemibimbi. I-CMC iphinde inikeze ubumnene nokuqina kwendwangu, kuye nge-DS kanye ne-MW ye-polymer.
Embonini yezimayini, i-CMC isetshenziswa njengesishintshi se-flocculant, inhibitor kanye ne-rheology ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali. Ithuthukisa ukuqina kanye nokuhlunga kwezinto eziqinile, inciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-gangue yamalahle, futhi ilawula ukujiya kanye nokuqina kokumiswa. I-CMC iphinde inciphise umthelela wenqubo yezimayini emvelweni ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi namanzi.
Ekuphetheni
I-CMC iyisengezo esisebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi nesiwusizo esibonisa izakhiwo ezihlukile kanye nokuthamba ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali kanye nokusebenzisana namanzi. Ukuncibilika kwayo, ikhono layo lokwenza ifilimu, izakhiwo zokubopha kanye nokunamathela kuyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukene emikhakheni yokudla, yezemithi, yephepha, yendwangu kanye neyezimayini. Ukuthamba kwezixazululo ze-CMC kungalawulwa yizici eziningana, njengokuhlushwa, i-DS, i-MW, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-pH, futhi kungabonakala ngokuziphatha kwayo okungaguquki kwepulasitiki kanye nokucheba. I-CMC inomthelela omuhle kwikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama kwemikhiqizo nezinqubo, okwenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yemboni yanamuhla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-25-2023