Inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)

I. Isingeniso

I-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC) iyi-polymer encibilikayo emanzini engeyona i-ionic esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhipheni uwoyela, ekumbozeni, ekwakheni, kumakhemikhali ansuku zonke, ekwenzeni amaphepha nakwezinye izinkambu. I-HEC itholakala ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-cellulose, futhi izakhiwo zayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kunqunywa kakhulu yizinto ezithatha indawo ye-hydroxyethyl kuma-molecule e-cellulose.

II. Inqubo yokukhiqiza

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-HEC ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izinyathelo ezilandelayo: i-cellulose etherification, ukuwasha, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukomisa nokugaya. Okulandelayo yisingeniso esinemininingwane sesinyathelo ngasinye:

Ukwenziwa kwe-cellulose etherification

I-Cellulose iqale iphathwe nge-alkali ukuze yakhe i-alkali cellulose (i-Cellulose Alkali). Le nqubo ivame ukwenziwa ku-reactor, kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ukwelapha i-cellulose yemvelo ukuze yakhe i-alkali cellulose. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungokulandelayo:

Iseli-OH+NaOH→Iseli-O-Na+H2OCell-OH+NaOH→Iseli-O-Na+H 2O

Ngemuva kwalokho, i-alkali cellulose iphendula ne-ethylene oxide ukuze yakhe i-hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ukusabela kwenziwa ngaphansi kokucindezela okuphezulu, ngokuvamile okungu-30-100°C, futhi ukusabela okuqondile kungokulandelayo:

I-Cell-O-Na+CH2CH2O→Cell-O-CH2CH2OHCell-O-Na+CH 2CH 2O→Cell-O-CH 2CH 2OH

Lokhu kusabela kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nenani le-ethylene oxide elingeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukufana kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ukugeza

I-HEC eluhlaza ephumayo ivame ukuqukethe i-alkali engaphenduliwe, i-ethylene oxide kanye neminye imikhiqizo engaphansi kwayo, okudingeka isuswe ngokuwasha amanzi kaningi noma ngokuwasha okuncibilikisayo okungokwemvelo. Kudingeka amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuwasha ngamanzi, futhi amanzi angcolile ngemva kokuwasha adinga ukwelashwa nokukhishwa.

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

I-HEC emanzi ngemva kokugezwa idinga ukuncishiswa amanzi, ngokuvamile ngokuhlunga nge-vacuum noma ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe umswakama.

Ukomisa

I-HEC eyomile iyomiswa, ngokuvamile ngokufutha noma ngokuyikhipha ngokushesha. Izinga lokushisa nesikhathi kumele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ukuhlangana.

Ukugaya

Ibhulokhi le-HEC elomisiwe lidinga ukugaywa nokuhluzwa ukuze kutholakale ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezifanayo, bese ekugcineni kwakha umkhiqizo wempuphu noma we-granular.

III. Izici zokusebenza

Ukuncibilika kwamanzi

I-HEC inokuncibilika kahle kwamanzi futhi ingancibilika ngokushesha emanzini abandayo nashisayo ukuze yakhe isixazululo esibonakalayo noma esikhanyayo. Lesi sici sokuncibilika senza isetshenziswe kabanzi njengesithambisi kanye nesiqinisi ezimbozweni nasemikhiqizweni yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke.

Ukuqina

I-HEC ikhombisa umphumela oqinile wokujiya esixazululweni samanzi, futhi i-viscosity yayo iyanda ngokwanda kwesisindo sama-molecule. Le mpahla yokujiya iyenza ikwazi ukudlala indima ekujiyeni, ekugcinweni kwamanzi nasekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwezimbozo ezisekelwe emanzini kanye nasezindaweni zokwakha.

I-Rheology

Isixazululo samanzi se-HEC sinezakhiwo ezihlukile ze-rheological, futhi i-viscosity yaso iyashintsha ngokushintsha kwesilinganiso sokusika, okubonisa ukuncipha kwe-shear noma i-pseudoplasticity. Le mpahla ye-rheological isenza sikwazi ukulungisa ukugeleza nokusebenza kokwakhiwa kokumbozwa kanye noketshezi lokubhoboza i-oyili.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-emuls kanye nokumiswa

I-HEC inezakhiwo ezinhle zokuhlanganisa nokumiswa, ezingakwazi ukuzinzisa izinhlayiya ezilengisiwe noma amaconsi ohlelweni lokusabalala ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuchitheka. Ngakho-ke, i-HEC ivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni efana ne-emulsion coatings kanye ne-drug suspensions.

Ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo

I-HEC iyi-derivative yemvelo ye-cellulose enokubola okuhle, ayinakho ukungcola emvelweni, futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza.

IV. Izinkambu Zokufaka Isicelo

Ukugqoka

Ezimbozweni ezisekelwe emanzini, i-HEC isetshenziswa njengesithambisi kanye nesiqinisi ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa nokuwa kwezimbozo.

Ukwakhiwa

Ezintweni zokwakha, i-HEC isetshenziswa ku-mortar esekelwe kusimende kanye ne-putty powder ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.

Amakhemikhali Ansuku Zonke

Kuma-detergent, ama-shampoo, kanye nama-toothpaste, i-HEC isetshenziswa njengesithambisi kanye nesiqinisi ukuthuthukisa umuzwa kanye nokuqina komkhiqizo. 

Izindawo zikawoyela

Ekubholeni nasekuqhekekeni kwezindawo zikawoyela, i-HEC isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-rheology kanye nezakhiwo zokumiswa kwezindawo zokubhoboza nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kokubhoboza.

Ukwenza amaphepha

Enqubweni yokwenza iphepha, i-HEC isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza kwe-pulp nokuthuthukisa ukufana kanye nezakhiwo zomphezulu wephepha.

I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo okuhle emanzini, ukuqina, izakhiwo ze-rheological, izakhiwo ze-emulsification kanye ne-suspension, kanye nokubola okuhle. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza isivuthiwe. Ngezinyathelo ze-cellulose etherification, ukuwasha, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukomisa nokugaya, imikhiqizo ye-HEC esebenza kahle futhi esezingeni elihle ingalungiswa. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokuvikela imvelo kanye nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwe-HEC azoba maningi.