Inkqubo yemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)

I. Intshayelelo

I-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC) yipolymer enyibilikayo emanzini engeyiyo ionic esetyenziswa kakhulu ekutsaleni ioyile, ekugqumeni, ekwakheni, kwiikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, ekwenzeni iphepha nakwezinye iindawo. I-HEC ifunyanwa ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali ze-cellulose, kwaye iipropati kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo zimiselwa ikakhulu zizinto ezithatha indawo ye-hydroxyethyl kwiimolekyuli ze-cellulose.

II. Inkqubo yemveliso

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-HEC ibandakanya ikakhulu la manyathelo alandelayo: ukufakelwa kwe-cellulose etherification, ukuhlamba, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukomisa kunye nokusila. Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha zenyathelo ngalinye:

Ukufakelwa kwe-cellulose

I-Cellulose iqale iphathwe nge-alkali ukuze yenze i-alkali cellulose (i-Cellulose Alkali). Le nkqubo idla ngokwenziwa kwi-reactor, kusetyenziswa isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ukunyanga i-cellulose yendalo ukuze yenze i-alkali cellulose. Impendulo yekhemikhali yile ilandelayo:

Iseli-OH+NaOH→Iseli-O-Na+H2OCell-OH+NaOH→Iseli-O-Na+H 2O

Emva koko, i-alkali cellulose iphendula kunye ne-ethylene oxide ukuze yenze i-hydroxyethyl cellulose. Le mpendulo yenziwa phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngesiqhelo ngama-30-100°C, kwaye impendulo ethile yile ilandelayo:

Iseli-O-Na+CH2CH2O→Iseli-O-CH2CH2OHCell-O-Na+CH 2CH 2O→Iseli-O-CH 2CH 2OH

Le mpendulo ifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nobungakanani be-ethylene oxide eyongeziweyo ukuqinisekisa ukufana kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.

Ukuhlamba

I-HEC ekrwada ephumayo idla ngokuba ne-alkali engaphendulwanga, i-ethylene oxide kunye nezinye iimveliso eziphuma kuyo, ekufuneka zisuswe ngokuhlanjwa ngamanzi amaninzi okanye ngokuhlanjwa nge-organic solvent. Kufuneka amanzi amaninzi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlamba ngamanzi, kwaye amanzi amdaka emva kokuhlamba kufuneka aphathwe aze akhutshwe.

Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni

I-HEC emanzi emva kokuhlamba kufuneka ikhutshwe amanzi emzimbeni, ngesiqhelo ngokuhluza nge-vacuum okanye ngokwahlulahlula nge-centrifugal ukuze kuncitshiswe umthamo womswakama.

Ukomisa

I-HEC eyomileyo iyomiswa, idla ngokuyitshiza okanye ngokuyitshiza ngokukhawuleza. Ubushushu kunye nexesha kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo ngexesha lenkqubo yokomisa ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala kobushushu obuphezulu okanye ukuhlangana.

Ukusila

Ibhloko ye-HEC eyomileyo kufuneka igutywe ize ihluzwe ukuze kufumaneke ukusasazwa okufanayo kobukhulu bezinto ezincinci, kwaye ekugqibeleni yenze umgubo okanye imveliso ye-granular.

III. Iimpawu zokusebenza

Ukunyibilika kwamanzi

I-HEC inokunyibilika kakuhle emanzini kwaye inokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza emanzini abandayo nashushu ukuze yenze isisombululo esicacileyo okanye esikhanyayo. Le propati yokunyibilika iyenza isetyenziswe kakhulu njengesithambisi kunye nesiqinisi kwiingubo nakwiimveliso zeekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla.

Ukujiya

I-HEC ibonisa impembelelo enamandla yokutyeba kwisisombululo samanzi, kwaye i-viscosity yayo iyanda ngokunyuka kobunzima be-molecular. Le propati yokutyeba iyenza ikwazi ukudlala indima ekutyebeni, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kolwakhiwo kwiingubo ezisekelwe emanzini kunye neemortar zokwakha.

I-Rheology

Isisombululo samanzi se-HEC sineempawu ezizodwa ze-rheological, kwaye i-viscosity yaso iyatshintsha ngokutshintsha kwesantya sokucheba, okubonisa ukuncitshiswa kwe-shear okanye i-pseudoplasticity. Le propati ye-rheological iyenza ikwazi ukulungisa ukutyibilika kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo kwiingubo kunye nolwelo lokubhola lwe-oyile.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-emulsification kunye nokumiswa

I-HEC ineempawu ezilungileyo ze-emulsification kunye ne-suspension, ezinokuthi ziqinise amasuntswana axhonyiweyo okanye amaconsi kwinkqubo yokusasazwa ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kunye nodaka. Ke ngoko, i-HEC isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimveliso ezifana nee-emulsion coatings kunye ne-drug suspensions.

Ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo

I-HEC yi-cellulose derivative yendalo enokonakala kakuhle, ayinangcoliseko kwindalo, kwaye ihlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko oluluhlaza kwindalo.

IV. IiNdawo zokufaka izicelo

Iingubo zokwaleka

Kwizinto zokugquma ezisekelwe emanzini, i-HEC isetyenziswa njengesithambisi kunye nesiqinisi ukuphucula ukunyibilika, ukusebenza kolwakhiwo kunye neempawu zokungagungqi kwezinto zokugquma.

Ulwakhiwo

Kwizinto zokwakha, i-HEC isetyenziswa kwi-mortar esekelwe kwisamente kunye ne-putty powder ukuphucula ukusebenza kolwakhiwo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.

Iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla

Kwiisepha, iishampu, kunye nee-toothpastes, i-HEC isetyenziswa njengesithambisi kunye nesiqinisi ukuphucula imvakalelo kunye nozinzo lwemveliso. 

Iindawo zeoyile

Kwi-oilfield drying and fracturing fluids, i-HEC isetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-rheology kunye neempawu zokuxhoma ze-drilling fluids kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwe-drill.

Ukwenza amaphepha

Kwinkqubo yokwenza iphepha, i-HEC isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukutyibilika kwepulp kunye nokuphucula ukufana kunye neempawu zomphezulu wephepha.

I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino ngenxa yokunyibilika kwayo kakuhle emanzini, ukuqina kwayo, iipropati ze-rheological, iipropati ze-emulsification kunye ne-suspension, kunye nokubola kakuhle kwe-biodegradability. Inkqubo yayo yemveliso ivuthiwe. Ngamanyathelo e-cellulose etherification, ukuhlamba, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukomisa kunye nokusila, iimveliso ze-HEC ezisebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho olungileyo zinokulungiswa. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuphuculwa kweemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwe-HEC aya kuba banzi.