Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose, kwaye yintoni umahluko ekusetyenzisweni kwazo?

I-Cellulose yi-polymer yendalo eguquguqukayo neninzi efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo, inika inkxaso yesakhiwo kunye nokuqina. Yenziwe ngeeyunithi zeglucose ezidityaniswe kunye ngeebhondi ze-β-1,4-glycosidic. Nangona i-cellulose ngokwayo iyinto efanayo, indlela ehlelwe kwaye icutshungulwa ngayo iphumela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.

1. I-Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC):

I-MCCiveliswa ngokunyanga iifayibha ze-cellulose ngee-mineral acids, nto leyo ephumela kwiisuntswana ezincinci zekristale.
Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokudibanisa, ukubopha, kunye nokungaxutywanga kwiifomyula zamayeza ezifana neepilisi kunye neekhaphu. Ngenxa yendalo yayo engasebenziyo kunye nokucinezeleka okugqwesileyo, i-MCC iqinisekisa ukusasazwa kwamayeza ngokulinganayo kwaye iququzelela ukukhululwa kwamayeza.

2. I-Acetate yeSellulose:

I-cellulose acetate ifunyanwa ngokufaka i-acetylating cellulose nge-acetic anhydride okanye i-acetic acid.
Ukusetyenziswa: Olu hlobo lwe-cellulose lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iifayibha zelaphu, kuquka impahla kunye neempahla zokuthunga. Lukwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni izihluzi zecuba, ifilimu yeefoto, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeemembrane ngenxa yokuba lungena kancinci.

3. I-Ethylcellulose:

I-ethylcellulose ifumaneka kwi-cellulose ngokuyidibanisa ne-ethyl chloride okanye i-ethylene oxide.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo: Iipropati zayo ezintle zokwenza ifilimu kunye nokumelana nezinyibilikisi zendalo kwenza i-ethylcellulose ifaneleke kwiipilisi zamayeza zokugquma, ibonelela ngokukhululwa kwamayeza okulawulwayo. Ukongeza, isetyenziswa ekuveliseni ii-inki, izincamathelisi, kunye nezigqubuthelo ezikhethekileyo.

4. IHydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC):

I-HPMCyenziwe ngokutshintsha amaqela e-hydroxyl e-cellulose ngeqela le-methyl kunye ne-hydroxypropyl.
Ukusetyenziswa: I-HPMC isebenza njengesithambisi-zinzisi, isiqinisi, kunye nesixubisisi kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye namayeza. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu ezifana neeloshini, iikhrimu, kunye namafutha okugcoba, kunye nokusetyenziswa kokutya okufana neesosi, iidressing, kunye ne-ayisikhrim.

5. I-Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC):

I-CMC iveliswa ngokunyanga i-cellulose nge-chloroacetic acid kunye ne-alkali.
Ukusetyenziswa: Ngenxa yokuba inyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye ityeba,I-CMCIsetyenziswa kakhulu njengesilungisi sokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-viscosity kwiimveliso zokutya, amayeza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiimpahla ezibhakiweyo, kwiimveliso zobisi, kwi-toothpaste, nakwiisepha.

6. I-Nitrocellulose:

I-Nitrocellulose iveliswa yi-nitrating cellulose ngomxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-sulfuric acid.
Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni izinto eziqhumayo, iilacquers, kunye neeplastiki zecelluloid. Iilacquers ezisekelwe kwiNitrocellulose zithandwa kakhulu ekugqityweni komthi nakwiingubo zeemoto ngenxa yokoma kwazo ngokukhawuleza kunye neempawu zazo ezikhazimlayo.

7. I-Bacterial Cellulose:

I-bacterial cellulose yenziwa ziintlobo ezithile zeebhaktheriya ngokubilisa.
Ukusetyenziswa: Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, kubandakanya ubunyulu obuphezulu, amandla okutsalwa, kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo, zenza i-bacterial cellulose ibe luncedo kwizicelo zonyango ezifana nokugquma amanxeba, ii-scaffolds zobunjineli bezicubu, kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa amayeza.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose zibonelela ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amayeza, amalaphu, ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye nemveliso. Uhlobo ngalunye luneempawu ezizodwa ezenza ukuba lufaneleke kwiindlela ezithile, ukusuka ekuboneleleni ngenkxaso yesakhiwo kwiipilisi zamayeza ukuya ekuphuculeni ubume beemveliso zokutya okanye ukusebenza njengendlela ezinzileyo kwi-biotechnology. Ukuqonda la mahluko kwenza ukuba ukhetho olulungiselelweyo lweentlobo ze-cellulose luhlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.