Ii-ether ze-cellulose

Ii-ether ze-celluloseludidi lweekhompawundi zepolymer ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezifunyenwe ngokuguqulwa kwe-etherification ye-cellulose yendalo. I-Cellulose yeyona nto ininzi yendalo yepolymer emhlabeni kwaye ifumaneka kakhulu kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo. Ulwakhiwo lwayo olusisiseko lwenziwe ziiyunithi zeglucose ezidityaniswe ziibhondi ze-β-1,4-glycosidic. Ekubeni i-cellulose yendalo inganyibiliki emanzini nakwizinto ezininzi ezinyibilikayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuthe ngqo kulinganiselwe. Ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, abantu bazisa amaqela e-hydrophilic okanye e-hydrophobic ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali ezifana neempendulo ze-etherification ukuze bafumane ii-derivatives ze-cellulose. Phakathi kwazo, ii-cellulose ethers zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni, kumayeza, ekutyeni, kwizithambiso, ekubholeni ioyile nakwezinye iindawo ngenxa yokunyibilika kwamanzi okuhle, iipropati zokwenza ifilimu, ukunamathela, ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinye iipropati.

1. Iintlobo zee-ether ze-cellulose

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweqela le-ether elingenisiweyo, ii-ether ze-cellulose ziquka ezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

1.1I-Methyl cellulose (MC):Yeyona ether ye-cellulose ether yokuqala ethengiswayo eneempawu ezilungileyo zokwenza ifilimu kunye nokunamathela. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiingubo, izincamathelisi, njl.

1.2I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC):Yenziwe ngokwazisa amaqela e-hydroxypropyl kunye ne-methyl. Ine-gelation engcono yobushushu kunye nokunyibilika. Yinto ebalulekileyo kwi-phaating yepilisi yamayeza kunye nezinto ezikhutshwa rhoqo.

1.3I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC):Ukungeniswa kwamaqela e-hydroxyethyl kuphucula ukunyibilika kunye nozinzo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipeyinti ze-latex, kwiimveliso zeekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, njl.

1.4I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na):Emva kokungeniswa kwamaqela e-carboxymethyl, i-cellulose iba yi-anionic kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengesithambisi sokutya, ukwenza iphepha, kunye nokugrumba ioyile.

1.5I-Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC):Idibanisa iimpawu zamaqela e-methyl kunye ne-hydroxyethyl kwaye isebenza kakuhle ekwakheni. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokwakha zepowder eyomileyo ezifana ne-building putty powder kunye ne-tile adhesive.

2. Inkqubo yokulungiselela

Ukulungiswa kwe-cellulose fiber ether ngokubanzi kuquka amanyathelo amabini: i-alkaliization kunye ne-etherification. Okokuqala, i-cellulose yendalo iphathwa nge-sodium hydroxide ukwenza i-alkali cellulose, ize emva koko ixutywe ne-etherifying agent efanelekileyo (efana ne-methyl chloride, i-propylene oxide, i-chloroacetic acid, njl.njl.) ukuvelisa i-cellulose ether ehambelanayo. Iimeko ze-reaction (ezifana nobushushu, ixabiso le-pH, ixesha, njl.njl.) kunye nohlobo kunye nobungakanani be-etherifying agent zimisela inqanaba lokutshintshwa (DS) kunye nokusasazwa kwemveliso yokugqibela, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo.

3. Iimpawu zokusebenza

Ii-ether ze-cellulose zineempawu ezibalulekileyo ezilandelayo:

3.1Ukunyibilika kwamanzi kunye nokuqina kwawo:Uninzi lwee-ether ze-cellulose ziyanyibilika emanzini abandayo ukuze zenze izisombululo ezicacileyo nezixineneyo, kwaye zizinto eziqinisa kakhulu.

Ipropati yokwenza ifilimu: Ingenza iifilimu ezicacileyo neziguquguqukayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiingubo kunye neengubo zamayeza.

3.2Ukunamathela:Njengento yokuncamathelisa, inokomeleza amandla okubopha phakathi kwezinto.

3.3Ukugcinwa kwamanzi:Ingaphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo kwiinkqubo ezifana nodaka lwesamente kunye negypsum.

3.4Ukufakwa kwe-thermal gelation:Ezinye ii-ether ze-cellulose (ezifana ne-HPMC) zenza iijeli ngexesha lokufudumeza, nto leyo enceda ekulawuleni ukukhutshwa kwamayeza.

3.5Ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuwohloka kwazo:Ayinatyhefu, ayicaphukisi, kwaye iyabola kancinci, ifanelekile kwiinkalo zonyango nokutya.

4. Amasimi esicelo

4.1Ishishini lokwakha

Kwi-dry-mix mortar, i-tile adhesive, i-putty powder, umgangatho ozimelelayo kunye nezinye izinto, i-cellulose ether isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-thickener, i-water retainer kunye ne-constructor. Ingaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kolwakhiwo, inciphise ukuqhekeka kwaye yomeleze amandla.

4.2Ishishini lamayeza

I-HPMC kunye ne-CMC-Na zixhaphake kakhulu xa zisetyenziswa njenge-adhesive, i-mortgage release carrier kunye ne-coating materials. Zinokulawula izinga lokukhululwa kwamayeza kwaye ziphucule uzinzo lwamayeza.

4.3Ishishini lokutya

I-CMC-Na isetyenziswa njengesiqinisi, isixubisisi kunye nesiqinisi ekutyeni, njenge-ayisikhrim, ijeli, iziqholo, njl.njl., enefuthe elihle lokuphucula incasa.

4.4Iimveliso zeekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla

Isetyenziswa kwi-toothpaste, kwi-shampoo, kwisicoci sobuso nakwezinye iimveliso, idlala indima yokwenza lukhuni, ifumise, ixube kwaye izinzise, ​​ingakumbi i-HEC kunye ne-HPMC zisetyenziswa ngakumbi.

4.5Ukukhupha ioyile

Njengomlawuli we-rheology kunye ne-arhente yokulawula ukuhluza kulwelo lokugrumba, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokugrumba kwaye inciphisa impembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo.

5. Iindlela zoPhuhliso

Ngokukhuthazwa kweengcamango zokukhusela okusingqongileyo okuluhlaza kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yezixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle, uphuhliso lwee-cellulose ethers lubonisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu: Ukuphucula ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana netyuwa, ukukhululwa okulawulwayo kunye nezinye iipropati ngokuguqulwa kwe-copolymerization, ukuguqulwa kwe-cross-linking kunye nezinye iindlela.

Indibaniselwano ye-nanotechnology: Idityaniswe nezinto ze-nanomaterials ukwenza izinto ezidityanisiweyo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa eziphezulu.

Isikhokelo se-biomedical: Phuhlisa izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-cellulose ether ezijoliswe ngakumbi nezihambelana ne-biocompatible ukuze kwenziwe ubunjineli bezicubu, ukukhululwa kwamayeza ajoliswe kuwo, njl.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto eziluhlaza: Sebenzisa iindlela zokwenziwa ezingenasombululo, ezisebenzisa amandla aphantsi kunye neendlela zokwenziwa ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ezingasetyenziswayo ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Njengento ebalulekileyo ephuma kwi-polymer yendalo,i-cellulose etheriye yaba sisongezelelo esisebenzayo esiyimfuneko kwiimveliso zanamhlanje zoshishino nezoluntu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye namathuba okusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso lwesayensi yezinto kunye nokuphuculwa kweemfuno zokhuseleko oluluhlaza, iteknoloji yokulungiselela kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa kwee-cellulose ethers ziya kuqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye amandla ayo kwizixhobo zokwakha ezisebenza kakuhle, i-biomedicine, izixhobo ezikrelekrele, njl. nazo ziya kuhlolisiswa kancinci kancinci.