Cellulose ethers

Cellulose ethersimhando yemakomponi epolymer anonyungudika mumvura anowanikwa nekuchinja kwe etherification ye cellulose yechisikigo. Cellulose ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda polymer yechisikigo panyika uye inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumadziro emasero emiti. Chimiro chayo chikuru chinoumbwa nemayuniti eglucose akabatana ne β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Sezvo cellulose yechisikigo isinganyungudike mumvura uye mune zvakawanda zvinonyungudika zve organic, kushandiswa kwayo zvakananga kune muganho. Kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo uye kushandiswa, vanhu vanounza mapoka e hydrophilic kana hydrophobic kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemakemikari senge etherification reactions kuti vawane cellulose derivatives. Pakati pavo, cellulose ethers dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka, mishonga, chikafu, zvizoro, kuchera mafuta nedzimwe nzvimbo nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo kwakanaka kwemvura, hunhu hwekugadzira mafirimu, kunamira, biocompatibility nezvimwe hunhu.

1. Mhando dze ether dze cellulose

Zvichienderana nerudzi rweboka re ether rinounzwa, ma ether e cellulose anosanganisira marudzi anotevera:

1.1Methyl cellulose (MC):Ndiyo ether yekare kwazvo ye cellulose yakatengeswa ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekugadzira firimu uye inonamatira. Inowanzoshandiswa mukupenda, kunamira, nezvimwewo.

1.2Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC):Inogadzirwa nekuunza ma hydroxypropyl ne methyl groups. Ine thermal gelation iri nani uye inonyunguduka zviri nani. Chinhu chakakosha pakuputira mapiritsi emishonga uye zvinhu zvinoburitswa kwenguva refu.

1.3Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC):Kuunzwa kwemapoka ehydroxyethyl kunovandudza kunyungudika uye kugadzikana. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mupendi dzelatex, zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvezuva nezuva, nezvimwewo.

1.4Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na):Mushure mekuunzwa kwemapoka e carboxymethyl, cellulose inova anionic uye inogona kushandiswa sechinosimbisa chikafu, kugadzira mapepa, uye kuchera mafuta.

1.5Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC):Inobatanidza hunhu hwemapoka emethyl nehydroxyethyl uye ine mashandiro akanaka ekuvaka. Inowanzoshandiswa muzvinhu zvekuvaka zveupfu hwakaoma zvakaita sehupfu hwekuvaka netiles.

2. Maitiro ekugadzirira

Kugadzirwa kwe cellulose fiber ether kunowanzo sanganisira matanho maviri: alkalizing uye etherification. Chekutanga, natural cellulose inorapwa nesodium hydroxide kuti igadzire alkali cellulose, uye yozogadziriswa ne etherifying agent yakakodzera (yakadai semethyl chloride, propylene oxide, chloroacetic acid, nezvimwewo) kuti igadzire cellulose ether inoenderana. Mamiriro ekuita (akadai sekupisa, pH value, nguva, nezvimwewo) uye mhando nehuwandu hwe etherifying agent zvinosarudza dhigirii rekutsiva (DS) uye kugoverwa kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira, nokudaro zvichikanganisa mashandiro acho.

3. Hunhu hwekushanda

Cellulose ethers ine zvinhu zvinotevera zvakakosha:

3.1Kunyunguduka kwemvura uye kukora kwayo:Mazhinji ether e-cellulose anonyungudika mumvura inotonhora kuti agadzire mhinduro dzinoonekera dzakasimba, uye anogokora zvakanaka.

Hunhu hwekugadzira mafirimu: Inogona kugadzira mafirimu akajeka uye anochinjika panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuputira uye mukuputira mishonga.

3.2Kunamira:Sechinonama, chinogona kuwedzera simba rekubatanidza zvinhu.

3.3Kuchengetwa kwemvura:Zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuchengetwa kwemvura uye mashandiro ekuvaka mumasisitimu akadai semota yesimende negypsum.

3.4Kupisa kwemafuta:Mamwe maether e-cellulose (akadai seHPMC) anoumba majeli panguva yekupisa, izvo zvinobatsira kudzora kuburitswa kwemushonga.

3.5Kuenderana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye kuora kwezvakatipoteredza:Haina chepfu, haitsamwisi, uye inogona kuora zvishoma, yakakodzera mishonga nechikafu.

4. Minda yekushandisa

4.1Indasitiri yekuvaka

Mumortar yakasanganiswa nedry-mix, tile adhesive, putty powder, self-leveling floor nezvimwe zvinhu, cellulose ether inonyanya kushandiswa se thickener, water retainer uye contributor yekuvaka. Inogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka, kuderedza kutsemuka uye kuwedzera simba.

4.2Indasitiri yemishonga

HPMC neCMC-Na dzinoshandiswa sechinamira, chinotakurwa chinosunungura nguva dzose uye chinoputira mapiritsi, uye dzinogona kudzora huwandu hwemishonga inoburitswa uye kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwemishonga.

4.3Indasitiri yezvekudya

CMC-Na inoshandiswa semushonga unosimbisa, unosanganisa uye unosimbisa chikafu, zvakaita se ice cream, jelly, zvinonhuhwirira, nezvimwewo, izvo zvine simba rakanaka rekuvandudza kuravira.

4.4Zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvezuva nezuva

Inoshandiswa mukugadzira mazino, shampoo, kuchenesa kumeso nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, inoita basa rekukora, kunyorovesa, kusanganisa uye kudzikamisa, kunyanya HEC uye HPMC zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya.

4.5Kubvisa mafuta

Semutongi werheology uye mumiririri wekusefa mumvura yekuboorera, inovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchera uye inoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

5. Maitiro Ekuvandudza

Nekusimudzirwa kwepfungwa dzekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza dzakasvibirira uye kudiwa kuri kukura kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya, kugadzirwa kwe cellulose ethers kuri kuratidza mafambiro anotevera:

Kushanda zvakanaka uye kushanda kwepamusoro: Kuvandudza kusimba kwekupisa, kusimba kwemunyu, kusunungurwa kunodzorwa uye zvimwe zvinhu kuburikidza nekuchinja kwe copolymerization, kugadzirisa cross-linking nedzimwe nzira.

Kusanganiswa kweNanotechnology: Kusanganisa nezvinhu zvenanomaterials kugadzira zvinhu zvakasanganiswa kuti zvivandudze mashandiro azvo muminda yekushandisa yepamusoro-soro.

Kutungamirirwa neBiomedical: Gadzira zvinhu zvinogadzirwa ne cellulose ether zvinonangana zvakanyanya uye zvinoenderana ne biocompatible zvekugadzira tissue, kuburitsa mishonga zvakanangana, nezvimwewo.

Maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvakasvibira: Shandisa nzira dzisina zvinonyungudutsa, dzinoshandisa simba shoma uye dzinoshandiswazve kugadzira zvinhu zvisina njodzi kunharaunda kuti uderedze kukanganiswa kwazvinoita nenharaunda.

Sechinhu chakakosha chinobva mupolymer yechisikigo,ether ye celluloserave chinhu chinobatsira zvikuru muzvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvemaindasitiri nezvevanhuwo zvavo nekushanda kwaro kwakanaka uye mikana yakawanda yekushandisa. Mune ramangwana, nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi yezvinhu uye kuvandudzwa kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, tekinoroji yekugadzirira uye minda yekushandisa ye cellulose ethers icharamba ichikura, uye kugona kwayo muzvigadzirwa zvekuvaka zvine simba, biomedicine, zvinhu zvakangwara, nezvimwewo zvichaongororwawo zvishoma nezvishoma.