1. Ibisobanuro n'imikorere y'icyuma gikonjesha
Inyongeramusaruro zishobora kongera cyane ubukana bw'irangi rishingiye ku mazi zitwa thickeners.
Ibikoresho binini bigira uruhare runini mu gukora, kubika no kubaka irangi.
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'imashini igabanya ubushyuhe ni ukongera ubushyuhe bw'ipamba kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa mu byiciro bitandukanye by'ikoreshwa. Ariko, ubushyuhe busabwa n'ipamba mu byiciro bitandukanye buratandukanye. Urugero:
Mu gihe cyo kubika, ni byiza kugira ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo ibara ridashira;
Mu gihe cyo kubaka, ni byiza kugira ubushyuhe buringaniye kugira ngo irangi rishobore koroherwa neza nta gusiga irangi rikabije;
Nyuma yo kubaka, byifujwe ko ubukana bushobora kugaruka vuba ku bukana bwinshi nyuma y'igihe gito (uburyo bwo kugorora) kugira ngo budakomeza kugwa.
Uburyo irangi riva mu mazi ritava mu buryo bwa Newtonian.
Iyo ubushyuhe bw'irangi bugabanutse uko imbaraga zo gukata ziyongera, ryitwa amazi ya pseudoplastic, kandi irangi rinini riba ari amazi ya pseudoplastic.
Iyo imyitwarire y'amazi y'ubutabire bw'impimbano ifitanye isano n'amateka yayo, ni ukuvuga ko iterwa n'igihe, yitwa amazi y'ubutabire bw'impimbano.
Mu gihe dukora irangi, akenshi tugerageza gukora irangi rya thixotropic, nko kongeramo inyongeramusaruro.
Iyo thixotropy y'igitambaro ikwiye, ishobora gukemura ukutumvikana kw'ibyiciro bitandukanye by'igitambaro, no guhaza ibikenewe mu rwego rwa tekiniki by'ubunini butandukanye bw'igitambaro mu gihe cyo kubika, gupima no kumisha.
Hari ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe bishobora guha irangi thixotropy nyinshi, ku buryo rigira ubushyuhe bwinshi igihe rihagaze cyangwa igihe ritagabanyijwe (nk'aho ribikwa cyangwa ritwarwa), kugira ngo hirindwe ko irangi riri mu irangi rihagarara. Kandi iyo rigabanyijwe cyane (nk'igihe rishyirwamo irangi), rigira ubushyuhe buke, ku buryo irangi rigira ubushyuhe buhagije kandi ringana.
Thixotropy igaragazwa na TI y'igipimo cya thixotropic kandi igapimwa na viscometer ya Brookfield.
TI = ubucucike (bupimwe kuri 6r/min)/ubucucike (bupimwe kuri 60r/min)
2. Ubwoko bw'ibintu bigabanya ubukana n'ingaruka zabyo ku miterere y'igitambaro
(1) Ubwoko Mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire, ibinyabutabire bigabanyamo ibice bibiri: organic na inorganic.
Ubwoko bw'ibintu bidafite umwimerere burimo bentonite, attapulgite, aluminiyumu silicate ya manyeziyumu, silicate ya lithiyumu manyeziyumu, nibindi, ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima nka methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, aside acrylic cyangwa methyl Acrylic homopolymer cyangwa copolymer na polyurethane nibindi.
Ukurikije ingaruka ku miterere y’imyenda yo gusiga, ibyuma bigabanyamo ibice bibiri: thixotropic thickeners na associative thickeners. Ku bijyanye n’imikorere, ingano y’icyuma gikomeza gusiga igomba kuba nto kandi ingaruka zo gusiga ni nziza; ntabwo byoroshye kwangirika na enzymes; iyo ubushyuhe cyangwa pH y’uburyo ihinduka, ubushyuhe bw’icyuma ntabwo buzagabanuka cyane, kandi ibara n’umunyu ntibizahinduka. ; Kubika neza; kubika neza amazi, nta kintu kigaragara gitanga ifuro kandi nta ngaruka mbi ku mikorere ya filime yo gusiga.
①Imashini igabanya ubukana bwa selulose
Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bya selulosi bikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi ni methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose na hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, naho bibiri bya nyuma nibyo bikunze gukoreshwa.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose ni umusaruro uboneka binyuze mu gusimbuza amatsinda ya hydroxyethyl ku bipimo bya glucose bya cellulose karemano n'amatsinda ya hydroxyethyl. Ibipimo n'ingero by'ibicuruzwa bitandukaniye ahanini n'urwego rwo gusimbuza n'ubukana.
Ubwoko bwa hydroxyethyl cellulose nabwo bugabanyijemo ubwoko busanzwe bwo gushonga, ubwoko bwo gukwirakwiza vuba n'ubwoko bwo guhagarara neza mu binyabuzima. Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukoresha, hydroxyethyl cellulose ishobora kongerwamo mu byiciro bitandukanye mu gikorwa cyo gusiga. Ubwoko bwo gukwirakwiza vuba bushobora kongerwamo mu buryo bw'ifu yumye. Ariko, agaciro ka pH y'uburyo mbere yo kongeramo kagomba kuba munsi ya 7, ahanini bitewe nuko hydroxyethyl cellulose ishonga buhoro buhoro ku gipimo cya pH gito, kandi hari igihe gihagije cy'uko amazi yinjira imbere mu tunyangingo, hanyuma agaciro ka pH kakongerwa kugira ngo gasenyuke vuba. Intambwe zijyanye nazo zishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gutegura ingano runaka y'umuti wa kole no kuwushyira muri sisitemu yo gusiga.
Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseni umusaruro uboneka hashingiwe ku gusimbuza itsinda rya hydroxyl ku gice cya glucose cya cellulose karemano n'itsinda rya methoxy, mu gihe ikindi gice gisimburwa n'itsinda rya hydroxypropyl. Ingaruka zacyo zo gukomera ni zimwe na hydroxyethyl cellulose. Kandi ntirwanya kwangirika kwa enzyme, ariko gushonga kwayo mu mazi ntabwo ari byiza nk'uko byakozwe na hydroxyethyl cellulose, kandi ifite ingaruka mbi zo gushyuha iyo ishyushye. Kuri hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ivuwe ku buso, ishobora kongerwamo mu mazi mu buryo butaziguye iyo ikoreshejwe. Nyuma yo kuvanga no gukwirakwira, ongeramo ibintu bya alkaline nka ammonia kugira ngo uhindure pH kuri 8-9, hanyuma uvange kugeza ishonge neza. Kuri hydroxypropyl methylcellulose idasukuye ku buso, ishobora kunyobwa no kubyimbirwa n'amazi ashyushye ari hejuru ya 85°C mbere yo kuyikoresha, hanyuma ikonjeshwa kugeza ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, hanyuma ikavunga n'amazi akonje cyangwa amazi y'urubura kugira ngo ishonge neza.
②Imashini igabanya ubukana bw'ibinyabutabire
Ubu bwoko bw'umubyimba ahanini ni bimwe mu bikoresho by'ibumba bikoreshwa, nka bentonite, ibumba rya magnesium aluminum silicate, nibindi. Birangwa nuko uretse ubunini, bifite ingaruka nziza zo guhagarara, bishobora gukumira kurohama, kandi ntibizagira ingaruka ku burwanyi bw'amazi bw'igitambaro. Iyo igitambaro cyumye kigahinduka agahu, gikora nk'icyuzuza agahu, nibindi. Ikintu kibi ni uko kizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku kungana kw'igitambaro.
③ Imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bwa polimeri ikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike
Ibikoresho binini bya polymer bya synthetic bikoreshwa cyane muri acrylic na polyurethane (ibinini binini bya acrylic). Ibikoresho binini bya acrylic ahanini ni acrylic polymers zirimo amatsinda ya carboxyl. Mu mazi afite pH ya 8-10, itsinda rya carboxyl riratandukana rigahinduka rikabyimba; iyo pH irenze 10, irashonga mu mazi igatakaza ubushobozi bwo gukuba, bityo ingaruka zo gukuba zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gaciro ka pH.
Uburyo bwo gukurura acrylate thickener ni uko uduce twayo dushobora kwinjizwa ku buso bw'uduce twa latex mu irangi, kandi tugakora urwego rwo gutwikira nyuma yo kubyimba kwa alkali, ibyo byongera ingano y'uduce twa latex, bikabangamira imikorere y'uduce twa Brownian, kandi byongera ubukana bw'irangi. Icya kabiri, kubyimba kw'agace ka thickener byongera ubukana bw'amazi.
(2) Ingaruka z'umubyimba ku miterere y'igitambaro
Ingaruka z'ubwoko bw'umubyimba ku miterere ya rheological y'igitambaro ni izi zikurikira:
Iyo ingano y'umubyimba wiyongereye, ubukana bw'irangi buhinduka buriyongera cyane, kandi impinduka z'ubukana zihoraho muri rusange iyo zikoreshejwe imbaraga zo gukata irangi.
Iyo irangi rikozwe mu buryo bwo gukurura, ubukana bwaryo bugabanuka vuba iyo rikoreshejwe imbaraga zo gukata, bikagaragaza ko ridafite aho rihuriye n’ibara.
Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukurura selulosi bukoreshwa mu mazi (nk'ubu bwoko bwa EBS451FQ), ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukata, ubushyuhe buracyari hejuru iyo ingano ari nini.
Hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bya polyurethane (nk'ibice bya WT105A), ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukata, ubushyuhe buracyari hejuru iyo ingano ari nini.
Hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bya acrylic (nk'ibice bya ASE60), nubwo ubushyuhe butaziguye bwiyongera vuba iyo ingano ari nini, ubushyuhe bugabanuka vuba cyane ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukata.
3. Imashini igabanya ubukana bw'ibinyabutabire
(1) uburyo bwo gukurura
Eteri ya selulosi n'ibice binini bya acrylic bishobora gukurura amazi gusa, ariko ntibigira ingaruka ku bindi bice biri mu irangi rishingiye ku mazi, cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka zikomeye hagati y'amabara ari mu irangi n'uduce twa emulsion, bityo imiterere y'irangi ntishobora guhindurwa.
Ibikoresho bigabanya ubukana bw'ibice bifitanye isano birangwa n'uko uretse ubukana bw'ibice bivanze n'amazi, binagabanya ubukana bw'ibice biri hagati yabyo, hamwe n'uduce dutatanye, ndetse n'ibindi bice biri muri sisitemu. Ubu buryo butandukana ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukata kandi bukongera kwihuza ku gipimo cyo hasi cyo gukata, bigatuma imiterere y'igitambaro ihinduka.
Uburyo bwo gukurura umubyimba w’umubyimba ni uko molekile yayo ari urunigi rurerure rw’amazi, imvange ya polymer ifite amatsinda ya lipophilic ku mpera zombi, ni ukuvuga ko ifite amatsinda ya hydrophilic na hydrophobic mu miterere yayo, bityo ikaba ifite imiterere ya molekile za surfactant. Izi molekile za thickener ntizishobora gusa gushyuha no kubyimba kugira ngo zibyimbe amazi, ahubwo zinakora micelles iyo ingano y’amazi yayo irenze agaciro runaka. Micelles zishobora kwihuza n’uduce twa polymer twa emulsion n’uduce twa pigment twafashe dispersant kugira ngo tugire imiterere y’urusobe rw’ibice bitatu, kandi zigahuzwa kandi zigafatwa kugira ngo zongere ubukana bw’urusobe rw’imiyoboro.
Icy'ingenzi kurushaho ni uko izi mpuzankano ziba ziri mu buryo bwo kuringaniza ibintu, kandi izo micelles zifitanye isano zishobora guhindura aho ziherereye iyo zishyizwe mu mbaraga zo hanze, ku buryo igitambaro gifite ubushobozi bwo kurenga. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko iyo molekile ifite micelles nyinshi, iyi miterere igabanya ubushake bwa molekile z'amazi bwo kwimuka bityo ikongera ubukana bw'amazi.
(2) Uruhare mu gusiga irangi
Inyinshi mu mashini zikora ibintu bifitanye isano ni polyurethane, kandi uburemere bwazo buri hagati ya 103-104, uburebure bubiri buri munsi y’ubunini bwa aside polyacrylic isanzwe na cellulose thickeners zifite uburemere bwa molekile buri hagati ya 105-106. Bitewe n’uburemere buke bwa molekile, ubwiyongere bufatika bw’ingano nyuma yo gutoha buba buke, bityo imiterere yayo iba iciriritse ugereranyije n’iy’izikora ibintu bidafite aho bihuriye.
Bitewe n'uburemere buke bwa molekile y'ikinyabutabire gihuza ibintu, uburyo kivangavangamo molekile mu gice cy'amazi ni buke, bityo ingaruka zacyo zo kubyimba ku gice cy'amazi ntabwo ari nini. Mu cyiciro gito cyo gukata, ihinduka ry'isano hagati ya molekile rirenze iryangirika ry'isano hagati ya molekile, sisitemu yose igumana imiterere yo guhagarara no gukwirakwira, kandi ubukana buri hafi y'ubukana bw'amazi. Kubwibyo, ikinyabutabire gihuza ibintu gituma sisitemu y'irangi ishingiye ku mazi igaragaza ubukana buke bugaragara iyo iri mu gace gafite ubukana buke bwo gukata.
Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe byongera ingufu zishobora guterwa n’ibice binini mu gice gitandukanye. Muri ubu buryo, hakenewe ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo haveho isano iri hagati y’ibice binini ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukata, kandi imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo hagerwe ku gipimo kimwe cyo gukata nazo ziba nyinshi, ku buryo sisitemu igaragaza igipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukata ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukata. Ubushyuhe bugaragara. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukata no kugabanuka gukabije bishobora gukosora ibura ry’ibikoresho binini mu miterere ya rheological y’irangi, ni ukuvuga ko ibikoresho bibiri bishobora gukoreshwa hamwe kugira ngo bihindure uburyo irangi rya latex rihinduka. Imikorere ihindagurika, kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa byose byo gukata mu firime nini no gukata firime.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Mata 2024