1. Te whakamāramatanga me te mahi a te whakamātotoru
Ko ngā tāpiringa ka taea te whakanui ake i te matotoru o ngā peita wai e kiia ana he whakamātotoru.
He mea nui te mahi a ngā mea whakamātotoru i roto i te whakaputa, te rokiroki me te hanganga o ngā paninga.
Ko te mahi matua o te whakamātotoru he whakanui ake i te matotoru o te paninga kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o ngā wāhanga whakamahinga rerekē. Heoi, he rerekē te matotoru e hiahiatia ana e te paninga i ngā wāhanga rerekē. Hei tauira:
I te wā e rongoatia ana, he mea hiahia kia matotoru te tae hei ārai i te taunga o te tae;
I te wā o te hanga, he mea pai kia paku matotoru te peita kia pai ai te paraihe me te kore e nui rawa te tae o te peita;
I muri i te hanganga, ko te tumanako ka tere te hoki o te matotoru ki tōna matotoru teitei i muri i tētahi wā poto (tukanga whakataurite) hei ārai i te totohu.
Ehara i te āhua Newtonian te rere o ngā paninga wai.
Ina heke te matotoru o te peita i te pikinga ake o te kaha kutikuti, ka kiia he wai kirihou rūpahu, ā, ko te nuinga o te peita he wai kirihou rūpahu.
Ina honoa te whanonga rere o te wai rūpahu ki tōna hītori, arā, he mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wā, ka kiia he wai thixotropic.
I te wā e hanga ana i ngā paninga, he maha ngā wā ka āta ngana mātou ki te hanga i ngā paninga kia thixotropic, pēnei i te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa.
Ina tika te thixotropy o te paninga, ka taea e ia te whakaoti i ngā whakahē o ngā wāhanga rerekē o te paninga, me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hangarau o ngā momo matotoru o te paninga i roto i ngā wāhanga rokiroki, te whakataurite hanganga, me te whakamaroke.
Ka taea e ētahi matū whakamātotoru te whakanui ake i te thixotropy o te peita, kia nui ake ai te matotoru i te wā okioki, i te tere kutikuti iti rānei (pēnei i te rokiroki, i te kawe rānei), kia kore ai e tau te tae o te peita. Ā, i raro i te tere kutikuti teitei (pēnei i te tukanga paninga), he iti te matotoru, kia nui ai te rere me te whakataurite o te paninga.
Ko te tohu thixotropic TI e tohuhia ana te thixotropy, ā, e inehia ana e te mita viscometer Brookfield.
TI=te matotoru (i inehia i te 6r/min)/te matotoru (i inehia i te 60r/min)
2. Ngā momo whakamātotoru me ō rātou pānga ki ngā āhuatanga paninga
(1) Ngā Momo E pā ana ki te hanganga matū, e rua ngā momo whakamātotoru: he mea rauropi me he mea kore-rauropi.
Ko ngā momo kore-waro ko te bentonite, te attapulgite, te silicate konumohe konupora, te silicate lithium konupora, me ētahi atu, ngā momo waro pērā i te methyl cellulose, te hydroxyethyl cellulose, te polyacrylate, te polymethacrylate, te waikawa acrylic, te methyl acrylic homopolymer, te copolymer rānei me te polyurethane me ētahi atu.
Mai i te tirohanga o te awe ki ngā āhuatanga rheological o ngā paninga, ka wehea ngā kaiwhakamātotoru ki ngā kaiwhakamātotoru thixotropic me ngā kaiwhakamātotoru hononga. Mō ngā whakaritenga mahi, me iti ake te nui o te kaiwhakamātotoru, ā, me pai te pānga whakamātotoru; kāore e ngāwari te pakaru e ngā whākōkī; ina huri te pāmahana, te uara pH rānei o te pūnaha, kāore e tino heke te matotoru o te paninga, ā, kāore e mimiti te tae me te whakakī. ; He pai te pumau o te rokiroki; he pai te pupuri wai, kāore he āhuatanga huka e kitea ana, ā, kāore he pānga kino ki te mahi a te kiriata paninga.
①Whakamātotoru cellulose
Ko ngā whakamātotoru cellulose e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā paninga ko te methylcellulose, te hydroxyethylcellulose me te hydroxypropylmethylcellulose te nuinga, ā, ko ngā mea whakamutunga e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Ko te Hydroxyethyl cellulose he hua i whiwhihia mā te whakakapi i ngā rōpū hydroxyl i runga i ngā waeine glucose o te cellulose tūturu ki ngā rōpū hydroxyethyl. Ko ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā tauira o ngā hua ka wehewehea i runga i te nui o te whakakapinga me te matotoru.
Ka wehea hoki ngā momo hydroxyethyl cellulose ki te momo whakarewa noa, te momo marara tere, me te momo pumau koiora. Mō te tikanga whakamahi, ka taea te tāpiri i te hydroxyethyl cellulose i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tukanga hanga paninga. Ka taea te tāpiri tika i te momo marara tere i roto i te ahua o te paura maroke. Heoi, me iti iho i te 7 te uara pH o te pūnaha i mua i te tāpiri, nā te mea ka puhoi te rewa o te hydroxyethyl cellulose i te uara pH iti, ā, he nui te wā mo te wai ki te uru ki roto i ngā matūriki, kātahi ka whakanuia te uara pH kia tere ai te rewa. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā mahi e rite ana ki te whakarite i tētahi kukū o te otinga kāpia me te tāpiri ki te pūnaha paninga.
Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseHe hua tēnei i whiwhihia mā te whakakapi i te rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te waeine hukahuka o te cellulose tūturu ki te rōpū methoxy, ko te wāhanga kē atu ka whakakapia e te rōpū hydroxypropyl. Ko tōna pānga whakamātotoru he rite tonu ki te hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ā, he ātete ki te pirau whākōkī, engari kāore tōna wairewatanga wai i te pai ki te hydroxyethyl cellulose, ā, he ngoikoretanga o te whakapūpū ina werahia. Mō te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kua maimoatia ki te mata, ka taea te tāpiri tika ki te wai ina whakamahia. I muri i te whakaoho me te marara, tāpirihia ngā matū kawakore pēnei i te wai haukini hei whakatika i te uara pH ki te 8-9, ka whakaoho kia memeha rawa. Mō te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kāore he maimoatanga mata, ka taea te rumaki me te pupuhi ki te wai wera i runga ake i te 85°C i mua i te whakamahinga, kātahi ka whakamatao ki te pāmahana rūma, kātahi ka whakaoho ki te wai matao, ki te wai huka rānei kia memeha rawa.
②Whakamātotoru kore-waro
Ko tēnei momo whakamātotoru he mea hanga ki ētahi hua uku whakahohe, pērā i te bentonite, te uku konupora konumohe silicate, me ētahi atu. Ko tōna āhuatanga, hei tāpiri atu ki te pānga whakamātotoru, he pai hoki te pānga whakatārewatanga, ka ārai i te totohu, ā, kāore e pā ki te ātete wai o te paninga. I muri i te whakamaroketanga o te paninga me te hanga hei kiriata, ka mahi hei whakakī i roto i te kiriata paninga, me ētahi atu. Ko te mea kino, ka pā nui ki te whakataurite o te paninga.
③ Whakamātotoru pūmua hangai
Ko ngā whakamātotoru pūmua hangai e whakamahia ana i roto i te kiriaku me te polyurethane (ngā whakamātotoru hononga). Ko ngā whakamātotoru kiriaku he pūmua kiriaku kei roto ngā rōpū carboxyl. I roto i te wai he pH 8-10, ka wehea te rōpū carboxyl ka pupuhi; ina nui ake te pH i te 10, ka rewa ki te wai ka ngaro te pānga whakamātotoru, nō reira he tino tairongo te pānga whakamātotoru ki te uara pH.
Ko te tikanga whakamātotoru o te whakamātotoru acrylate ko te piri o ōna matūriki ki te mata o ngā matūriki latex i roto i te peita, ā, i muri i te pupuhi kawakore ka hanga he paparanga paninga, ka whakanui ake i te rōrahi o ngā matūriki latex, ka aukati i te nekehanga Brownian o ngā matūriki, ka whakanui ake i te matotoru o te pūnaha peita. ; Tuarua, ko te pupuhi o te whakamātotoru ka whakanui ake i te matotoru o te wāhanga wai.
(2) Te awe o te whakamātotoru ki ngā āhuatanga paninga
Ko te pānga o te momo whakamātotoru ki ngā āhuatanga rheological o te paninga penei:
Ina piki ake te nui o te whakamātotoru, ka tino piki ake te matotoru pumau o te peita, ā, he rite tonu te ia o te huringa matotoru ina pāngia e te kaha kutikuti o waho.
Nā te kaha whakamātotoru, ka tere te heke o te matotoru o te peita ina pāngia e te kaha kutikuti, e whakaatu ana i te āhua rūpahu.
Mā te whakamahi i tētahi whakamātotoru cellulose kua whakarerekētia ki te wai (pērā i te EBS451FQ), i ngā tere kutikuti teitei, ka teitei tonu te matotoru ahakoa he nui te rahinga.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā whakamātotoru polyurethane hono (pērā i te WT105A), i ngā tere kutikuti teitei, ka teitei tonu te matotoru ahakoa he nui te rahinga.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā whakamātotoru kiriaku (pēnei i te ASE60), ahakoa ka tere te piki o te matotoru pumau ina nui te rahinga, ka tere te heke o te matotoru i te tere kutikuti teitei ake.
3. Whakamātotoru hononga
(1) tikanga whakamātotoru
Ka taea anake e ngā whakamaroke kiriaku etera cellulose me te kawakawa-pupuhi te whakamaroke i te wāhanga wai, engari kāore he pānga whakamaroke ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te peita wai-pūtake, kāore hoki e taea te whakaputa taunekeneke nui i waenga i ngā tae o te peita me ngā matūriki o te emulsion, nō reira kāore e taea te whakarite i te rheology o te peita.
Ko ngā whakamātotoru hononga he āhuatanga anō hoki, haunga te whakamātotoru mā te whakamakuku, ka whakamātotoru anō hoki mā te hononga i waenganui i a rātou anō, me ngā matūriki marara, me ētahi atu wāhanga o te pūnaha. Ka wehea tēnei hononga i ngā tere kutikuti teitei, ka hono anō i ngā tere kutikuti iti, ka taea ai te whakarerekē i te rheology o te paninga.
Ko te tikanga whakamātotoru o te whakamātotoru hononga ko tōna ngota he mekameka hydrophilic raina, he pūhui polymer me ngā rōpū lipophilic i ngā pito e rua, arā, he rōpū hydrophilic me hydrophobic i roto i te hanganga, nō reira he āhuatanga rite ki ngā ngota surfactant. Te āhua. Kāore e taea e ēnei ngota whakamātotoru te whakamakuku me te pupuhi hei whakamātotoru i te wāhanga wai, engari ka hanga hoki i ngā micelles ina nui ake te kukū o tōna wairewa i tētahi uara. Ka taea e ngā micelles te hono atu ki ngā matūriki polymer o te emulsion me ngā matūriki pigment kua mimiti i te dispersant hei hanga i tētahi hanganga whatunga toru-ahu, ā, ka hono tahi, ka whatuwhatuhia hei whakanui ake i te matotoru o te pūnaha.
Ko te mea nui ake, kei roto ēnei hononga i te āhua taurite hihiri, ā, ka taea e aua micelle hono te whakarerekē i ō rātou tūranga ina pāngia e ngā kaha o waho, kia whai āhuatanga taurite ai te paninga. Hei tāpiri, nā te mea he maha ngā micelle o te ngota, ka whakaitihia e tēnei hanganga te ia o ngā ngota wai ki te heke, ā, ka whakanuia ake te matotoru o te wāhanga wai.
(2) Te tūranga i roto i ngā paninga
Ko te nuinga o ngā whakamātotoru hononga he polyurethane, ā, ko ō rātou taumaha ngota whanaunga kei waenga i te 103-104 ngā ota o te kaha, e rua ngā ota o te kaha iti iho i ngā whakamātotoru waikawa polyacrylic me te cellulose noa me ngā taumaha ngota whanaunga kei waenga i te 105-106. Nā te iti o te taumaha ngota, he iti ake te pikinga rōrahi whai hua i muri i te whakamakuku, nō reira he papatahi ake tōna pihi matotoru i tērā o ngā whakamātotoru kore-hono.
Nā te iti o te taumaha ngota o te whakamātotoru hononga, he iti noa iho tōna hononga i waenga i ngā ngota i roto i te āhua wai, nō reira kāore i te nui te pānga whakamātotoru ki te āhua wai. I roto i te awhe tere kutikuti iti, he nui ake te huringa hononga i waenga i ngā ngota i te whakangaromanga hononga i waenga i ngā ngota, ka mau tonu te pūnaha katoa i te āhua whakatārewatanga me te marara, ā, he tata te matotoru ki te matotoru o te reo marara (wai). Nō reira, mā te whakamātotoru hononga ka iti ake te matotoru o te pūnaha peita wai ina kei roto i te rohe tere kutikuti iti.
Mā ngā whakamātotoru hononga ka whakanui ake i te pūngao pūmanawa i waenga i ngā ngota nā te hononga i waenga i ngā matūriki i te wāhanga marara. Pēnei, he nui ake te pūngao e hiahiatia ana hei wawahi i te hononga i waenga i ngā ngota i ngā tere kutikuti teitei, ā, he nui ake hoki te kaha kutikuti e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i te taumahatanga kutikuti kotahi, kia nui ake ai te tere kutikuti o te pūnaha i ngā tere kutikuti teitei. Te matotoru āhua. Ko te matotoru kutikuti teitei me te matotoru kutikuti iti ka taea te whakakī i te korenga o ngā whakamātotoru noa i roto i ngā āhuatanga rheological o te peita, arā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whakamātotoru e rua hei whakatika i te rere o te peita rapa. He mahi rerekē, hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whānui o te paninga ki roto i te kiriata matotoru me te rere o te kiriata paninga.
Wā tuku: 28 Paenga-whāwhā 2024