1. Ka wehewehena a me ka hana o ka mea hoʻomānoanoa
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui i hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ka viscosity o nā pena wai i kapa ʻia he mau thickeners.
He mea nui nā mea hoʻomānoanoa i ka hana ʻana, mālama ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā uhi.
ʻO ka hana nui o ka mea hoʻomānoanoa, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā pae hoʻohana like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa e pono ai ka uhi ʻana ma nā pae like ʻole. E.g.:
I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana mālama, makemake ʻia e loaʻa kahi viscosity kiʻekiʻe e pale ai i ka pigment mai ka noho ʻana;
I ke kaʻina hana kūkulu ʻana, he mea makemake ʻia e loaʻa ka mānoanoa kūpono e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka pena e pulumu me ka ʻole o ka pena nui ʻana;
Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana, ua manaʻolana ʻia e hiki i ka mānoanoa ke hoʻi koke i ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole (kaʻina hana hoʻohālikelike) e pale ai i ka sagging.
ʻAʻole Newtonian ke ʻano kahe o nā uhi i hoʻopili ʻia me ka wai.
Ke emi ka mānoanoa o ka pena me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ikaika shear, ua kapa ʻia ia he wai pseudoplastic, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka pena he wai pseudoplastic.
Ke pili ka hana kahe o kahi wai pseudoplastic i kona mōʻaukala, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hilinaʻi ʻia i ka manawa, ua kapa ʻia ia he wai thixotropic.
I ka hana ʻana i nā uhi, hoʻāʻo pinepine mākou e hana i nā uhi thixotropic, e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui.
Ke kūpono ka thixotropy o ka uhi ʻana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono i nā kūʻēʻē o nā pae like ʻole o ka uhi ʻana, a hoʻokō i nā pono loea o ka viscosity like ʻole o ka uhi ʻana i ka mālama ʻana, ka pae kūkulu ʻana, a me nā pae maloʻo.
Hiki i kekahi mau mea hoʻomānoanoa ke hāʻawi i ka pena me ka thixotropy kiʻekiʻe, i loaʻa ai kahi viscosity kiʻekiʻe i ka wā hoʻomaha a i ʻole ma kahi wikiwiki shear haʻahaʻa (e like me ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana), i mea e pale ai i ka pigment i loko o ka pena mai ka noho ʻana. A ma lalo o ka wikiwiki shear kiʻekiʻe (e like me ke kaʻina hana uhi), he haʻahaʻa kona viscosity, i lawa ai ke kahe a me ka pae ʻana o ka uhi.
Hōʻike ʻia ka Thixotropy e ka thixotropic index TI a ana ʻia e ka viscometer Brookfield.
TI=viscosity (i ana ʻia ma 6r/min)/viscosity (i ana ʻia ma 60r/min)
2. Nā ʻano o nā mea hoʻomānoanoa a me ko lākou hopena i nā waiwai uhi
(1) Nā ʻAno Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui kemika, ua māhele ʻia nā mea hoʻomānoanoa i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: organik a me inorganic.
ʻO nā ʻano inorganic e like me ka bentonite, attapulgite, alumini magnesium silicate, lithium magnesium silicate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā ʻano organik e like me ka methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, acrylic acid a i ʻole methyl Acrylic homopolymer a i ʻole copolymer a me polyurethane etc.
Mai ka manaʻo o ka hopena ma nā waiwai rheological o nā uhi, ua māhele ʻia nā mea mānoanoa i nā mea mānoanoa thixotropic a me nā mea mānoanoa pili. Ma ke ʻano o nā koi hana, pono e emi ka nui o ka mea mānoanoa a maikaʻi ka hopena mānoanoa; ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻopau ʻia e nā enzymes; ke loli ka mahana a i ʻole ka waiwai pH o ka ʻōnaehana, ʻaʻole e emi nui ka viscosity o ka uhi, a ʻaʻole e flocculated ka pigment a me ka mea hoʻopihapiha. ; Paʻa mālama maikaʻi; paʻa wai maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe hanana hua maopopo a ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni uhi.
①Mea hoʻomānoanoa cellulose
ʻO nā mea hoʻomānoanoa cellulose i hoʻohana ʻia i nā uhi ʻana, ʻo ia ka methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose a me hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, a ʻo nā mea hope ʻelua i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.
ʻO ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose kahi huahana i loaʻa ma ke pani ʻana i nā hui hydroxyl ma nā ʻāpana glucose o ka cellulose kūlohelohe me nā hui hydroxyethyl. Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā kikoʻī a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā huahana e like me ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana a me ka viscosity.
Ua māhele ʻia nā ʻano o ka hydroxyethyl cellulose i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau, ke ʻano hoʻopuehu wikiwiki a me ke ʻano paʻa olaola. No ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka hydroxyethyl cellulose ma nā pae like ʻole o ke kaʻina hana uhi. Hiki ke hoʻohui pololei ʻia ke ʻano hoʻopuehu wikiwiki ma ke ʻano o ka pauka maloʻo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka waiwai pH o ka ʻōnaehana ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana e emi iho ma mua o 7, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka mea hoʻoheheʻe mālie ka hydroxyethyl cellulose ma ka waiwai pH haʻahaʻa, a ua lawa ka manawa no ka wai e komo i loko o nā ʻāpana, a laila hoʻonui ʻia ka waiwai pH e hoʻoheheʻe koke. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻanuʻu e pili ana e hoʻomākaukau i kahi ʻano o ka hopena glue a hoʻohui iā ia i ka ʻōnaehana uhi.
Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseHe huahana i loaʻa ma ke pani ʻana i ka hui hydroxyl ma ka ʻāpana glucose o ka cellulose kūlohelohe me kahi hui methoxy, aʻo ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e pani ʻia e kahi hui hydroxypropyl. ʻO kona hopena mānoanoa ua like ia me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose. A he kūpaʻa ia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa enzymatic, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi kona solubility wai e like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose, a he hemahema kona o ka gelling i ka wā e wela ai. No ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i mālama ʻia ma ka ʻili, hiki ke hoʻohui pololei ʻia i ka wai i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, e hoʻohui i nā mea alkaline e like me ka wai ammonia e hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH i 8-9, a hoʻoulu a hiki i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe piha ʻia ai. No ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili, hiki ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia a pehu ʻia me ka wai wela ma luna o 85°C ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a laila e hoʻomaʻalili ʻia i ka mahana o ka lumi, a laila hoʻoulu ʻia me ka wai anuanu a i ʻole ka wai hau e hoʻoheheʻe piha iā ia.
②Mea hoʻomānoanoa inorganic
ʻO kēia ʻano mea hoʻomānoanoa he mau huahana pālolo i hoʻoulu ʻia, e like me ka bentonite, ka pālolo magnesium aluminum silicate, a pēlā aku. Hōʻike ʻia ma ka mea, ma waho aʻe o ka hopena hoʻomānoanoa, he hopena hoʻokuʻu maikaʻi hoʻi, hiki ke pale i ka piholo ʻana, a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ke kūpaʻa wai o ka uhi. Ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana o ka uhi a hana ʻia i loko o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hana ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopihapiha i loko o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni uhi, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopilikia nui i ka pae ʻana o ka uhi.
③ Mea hoʻomānoanoa polymer synthetic
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻomānoanoa polymer synthetic i ka acrylic a me ka polyurethane (nā mea hoʻomānoanoa pili). ʻO nā mea hoʻomānoanoa acrylic ka hapa nui o nā polymer acrylic e loaʻa ana nā hui carboxyl. I loko o ka wai me ka waiwai pH o 8-10, hoʻokaʻawale ka hui carboxyl a lilo i pehu; i ka wā e ʻoi aku ai ka waiwai pH ma mua o 10, hoʻoheheʻe ia i loko o ka wai a nalowale ka hopena mānoanoa, no laila ua koʻikoʻi loa ka hopena mānoanoa i ka waiwai pH.
ʻO ke ʻano mānoanoa o ka mea hoʻomānoanoa acrylate, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kona mau ʻāpana ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana latex i loko o ka pena, a hana i kahi papa uhi ma hope o ka pehu ʻana o ka alkali, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā ʻāpana latex, e pale aku i ka neʻe ʻana o Brownian o nā ʻāpana, a hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana pena. ; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka pehu ʻana o ka mea hoʻomānoanoa e hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka pae wai.
(2) Ka hopena o ka mea hoʻomānoanoa i nā waiwai uhi
ʻO ka hopena o ke ʻano o ka thickener ma nā waiwai rheological o ka uhi ʻana penei:
Ke piʻi ka nui o ka mea hoʻomānoanoa, e piʻi nui ana ka mānoanoa paʻa o ka pena, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka loli ʻana o ka mānoanoa e kūlike mau ana i ka wā e kau ʻia ai ka ikaika shear o waho.
Me ka hopena o ka mea hoʻomānoanoa, e hāʻule koke ana ka mānoanoa o ka pena ke kau ʻia i ka ikaika shear, e hōʻike ana i ka pseudoplasticity.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose thickener i hoʻololi ʻia me ka hydrophobically (e like me EBS451FQ), ma nā wikiwiki shear kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe mau ka viscosity ke nui ka nui.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomānoanoa polyurethane pili (e like me WT105A), ma nā wikiwiki ʻoki kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe mau ka viscosity ke nui ka nui.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomānoanoa acrylic (e like me ASE60), ʻoiai ke piʻi koke nei ka viscosity static ke nui ka nui, e emi koke ana ka viscosity ma kahi wikiwiki shear kiʻekiʻe.
3. Mea hoʻomānoanoa pili
(1) ʻano hana mānoanoa
Hiki i ka cellulose ether a me nā alkali-swellable acrylic thickeners ke hoʻomānoanoa wale i ka pae wai, akā ʻaʻohe hopena mānoanoa i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka pena wai, ʻaʻole hoʻi hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā pigments i ka pena a me nā ʻāpana o ka emulsion, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka rheology o ka pena.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea hoʻomānoanoa pili ma ka mea ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomānoanoa ʻana ma o ka hydration, hoʻomānoanoa pū lākou ma o nā pilina ma waena o lākou iho, me nā ʻāpana i hoʻopuehu ʻia, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana. Hoʻokaʻawale kēia pilina ma nā helu shear kiʻekiʻe a hoʻopili hou ma nā helu shear haʻahaʻa, e ʻae ana i ka rheology o ka uhi e hoʻoponopono ʻia.
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomānoanoa o ka mea hoʻomānoanoa pili, ʻo ia kona molekala he kaulahao hydrophilic linear, he hui polymer me nā hui lipophilic ma nā wēlau ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mau hui hydrophilic a me hydrophobic i loko o ke ʻano, no laila he mau ʻano o nā molekala surfactant. ʻano. ʻAʻole hiki i kēlā mau molekala thickener ke hydrate a pehu wale e hoʻomānoanoa i ka pae wai, akā hana pū i nā micelles ke ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna hopena wai ma mua o kahi waiwai. Hiki i nā micelles ke hui pū me nā ʻāpana polymer o ka emulsion a me nā ʻāpana pigment i hoʻopili i ka dispersant e hana i kahi ʻano pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional, a ua pili pū ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ka mea nui aʻe, ʻo ia ke kaulike o kēia mau hui ʻana, a hiki i kēlā mau micelles pili ke hoʻololi i ko lākou mau kūlana ke kau ʻia i nā mana o waho, i loaʻa i ka uhi nā waiwai hoʻohālikelike. Eia kekahi, ʻoiai he nui nā micelles o ka molekala, hoʻemi kēia ʻano i ke ʻano o nā molekala wai e neʻe a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka viscosity o ka pae wai.
(2) Ke kuleana i nā uhi ʻana
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻomānoanoa pili he polyurethanes, a ʻo ko lākou kaumaha molekala pili ma waena o 103-104 mau kauoha o ka nui, ʻelua mau kauoha o ka nui haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka polyacrylic acid maʻamau a me nā mea hoʻomānoanoa cellulose me nā kaumaha molekala pili ma waena o 105-106. Ma muli o ke kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui ma hope o ka hydration, no laila ʻoi aku ka palahalaha o kona piʻo viscosity ma mua o nā mea hoʻomānoanoa non-associative.
Ma muli o ke kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa o ka mea hoʻomānoanoa pili, ua kaupalena ʻia kona pilina intermolecular i loko o ka pae wai, no laila ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi kona hopena mānoanoa ma ka pae wai. I ka pae haʻahaʻa o ka shear rate, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hui ma waena o nā molekala ma mua o ka luku ʻana o ka hui ma waena o nā molekala, mālama ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa i kahi kūlana hoʻokuʻu a me ka hoʻopuehu kūlohelohe, a kokoke ka viscosity i ka viscosity o ka medium dispersion (wai). No laila, ʻo ka mea hoʻomānoanoa pili e hōʻike i ka ʻōnaehana pena wai i ka viscosity haʻahaʻa i ka wā e noho ana ma ka ʻāpana shear rate haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻonui nā mea hoʻomānoanoa pili i ka ikehu hiki ke hana ma waena o nā molekala ma muli o ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana i ka pae hoʻopuehu ʻia. Ma kēia ʻano, pono ka ikehu hou aʻe e uhaki i ka pilina ma waena o nā molekala ma nā wikiwiki shear kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika shear e pono ai e hoʻokō i ke kaumaha shear like, no laila e hōʻike ana ka ʻōnaehana i kahi wikiwiki shear kiʻekiʻe ma nā wikiwiki shear kiʻekiʻe. ʻIke ʻia ka viscosity. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity shear kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa shear hiki ke hoʻopiha i ka nele o nā mea hoʻomānoanoa maʻamau i nā waiwai rheological o ka pena, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻomānoanoa ʻelua i ka hui pū ʻana e hoʻoponopono i ke kahe o ka pena latex. Hana loli, e hoʻokō i nā koi piha o ka uhi ʻana i loko o ka ʻili mānoanoa a me ke kahe ʻili uhi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-28-2024