1)Isicelo esiyinhloko se-cellulose ether yezinto zokwakha zebanga
Insimu yezinto zokwakha iyinsimu eyinhloko efunwa kakhului-cellulose etherI-Cellulose ether inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengokuqina, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kanye nokubambezeleka, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo (kufaka phakathi udaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi kanye nodaka oluxutshwe nowomile), ukukhiqizwa kwe-resin ye-PVC, upende we-latex, i-putty, i-adhesive yethayela, Ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yezinto zokwakha kufaka phakathi udaka lokushisa kanye nezinto zokwakha phansi kuzenza zihlangabezane nezidingo zokonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kanye nemihlobiso, futhi isetshenziswa ngokungaqondile ekwakhiweni kokuplasta ngamatshe kanye nokuhlobisa udonga lwangaphakathi nangaphandle lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphrojekthi okwakha. Ngenxa yobukhulu bokutshalwa kwezimali emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bokwakha, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphrojekthi okwakha ziyahlakazeka, kunezinhlobo eziningi, futhi inqubekela phambili yokwakha iyahlukahluka kakhulu, i-cellulose ether yezinga lezinto zokwakha inezici zobubanzi bokusetshenziswa, isidingo esikhulu semakethe, kanye namakhasimende ahlakazekile.
Phakathi kwamamodeli aphakathi nendawo aphezulu e-HPMC yezinto zokwakha, i-HPMC yezinto zokwakha enokushisa kwejeli okungu-75°C isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-mortar exutshwe okomile nakwezinye izindawo. Inokumelana okukhulu nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomphumela omuhle wokusetshenziswa. Ukusebenza kwayo kokusetshenziswa yi-gel temperature. Ayikwazi ukushintshwa yi-HPMC yezinto zokwakha engu-60°C, futhi amakhasimende aphezulu anezidingo eziphakeme ekuzinzeni kwekhwalithi yalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunzima ngobuchwepheshe ukukhiqiza i-HPMC enokushisa kwejeli okungu-75°C. Isikali sokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini yokukhiqiza sikhulu, futhi umkhawulo wokungena uphakeme. Intengo yomkhiqizo iphakeme kakhulu kuneye-HPMC yezinto zokwakha enokushisa kwejeli okungu-60°C.
I-HPMC ekhethekile ye-PVC esezingeni eliphezulu iyisengezo esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-PVC. Nakuba i-HPMC yengezwa ngenani elincane futhi ibala ingxenye ephansi yezindleko zokukhiqiza i-PVC, umphumela wokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo muhle, ngakho-ke izidingo zekhwalithi yayo ziphezulu. Bambalwa abakhiqizi basekhaya nabangaphandle be-HPMC be-PVC, futhi intengo yemikhiqizo engenisiwe iphakeme kakhulu kuneyemikhiqizo yasekhaya.
2)Umkhuba Wokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Ye-Cellulose Ether Yezinga Lokwakha
①Intuthuko ezinzile embonini yezokwakha yezwe lami iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza isidingo semakethe se-cellulose ether yezinga lezinto zokwakha.
Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-National Bureau of Statistics, ngo-2021, izinga lokufudukela emadolobheni ezweni lami (isilinganiso sabantu abahlala emadolobheni kubantu basekhaya) lizofinyelela ku-64.72%, ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-0.83 uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphela kuka-2020, kanye nokwanda uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sokufudukela emadolobheni esingu-49.95% ngo-2010. Amaphesenti angu-14.77, okubonisa ukuthi izwe lami selingene esigabeni esiphakathi nesokugcina sokufudukela emadolobheni. Ngokufanayo, ukukhula kwesidingo esiphelele emakethe yezindlu yasekhaya nakho kungene esigabeni esizinzile, futhi ukwehluka kwesidingo emadolobheni ahlukene kuye kwaba sobala kakhulu. Isidingo sezindlu siyaqhubeka nokukhula. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuncipha kwesilinganiso semboni yokukhiqiza yezwe lami kanye nokwanda kwesilinganiso semboni yezinsizakalo, ukwanda kwezinhlobo zemisebenzi eziguquguqukayo njengokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuhweba ngamabhizinisi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli ehhovisi aguquguqukayo, izidingo ezintsha zizobekwa phambili kwezentengiselwano zasemadolobheni, indawo yokuhlala kanye nebhalansi yezindlu zomsebenzi. Izidingo zemboni yemikhiqizo yezindlu zizohlukahluka kakhulu, futhi imboni yezindlu yasekhaya kanye nemboni yokwakha isingene esikhathini sokuguquka nokuguquka.
Isikali sokutshalwa kwezimali embonini yokwakha, indawo yokwakha yezindlu, indawo eqediwe, indawo yokuhlobisa izindlu kanye nezinguquko zayo, izinga lemali engenayo labahlali kanye nemikhuba yokuhlobisa, njll., yizinto eziyinhloko ezithinta isidingo semakethe yasekhaya se-cellulose ether yezinto zokwakha. Inqubo yokufudukela emadolobheni ihlobene kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2021, ukuqedwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezindlu ezweni lami kanye nenani lokukhiqiza embonini yokwakha ngokuyisisekelo kwagcina umkhuba wokukhula ozinzile. Ngo-2021, inani lokuqedwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwentuthuko yezindlu ezweni lami lalingu-14.76 trillion yuan, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-4.35%; inani eliphelele lokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zokwakha lalingu-29.31 trillion yuan, ukwanda okungu-11.04% unyaka nonyaka.
Kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2021, isilinganiso sokukhula kwe-compound yonyaka endaweni yokwakha izindlu embonini yokwakha yezwe lami singama-6.77%, kanti isilinganiso sokukhula kwe-compound ngonyaka endaweni yokwakha lapho kuqedwa khona izindlu singama-0.91%. Ngo-2021, indawo yokwakha izindlu embonini yokwakha yezwe lami izoba ngamamitha-skwele ayizigidigidi ezingu-9.754, kanye nesilinganiso sokukhula konyaka nonyaka esingu-5.20%; indawo yokwakha ephelele izoba ngamamitha-skwele ayizigidigidi ezingu-1.014, kanye nesilinganiso sokukhula konyaka nonyaka esingu-11.20%. Umkhuba omuhle wokukhula kwemboni yokwakha yasekhaya uzokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezinto zokwakha ezifana nodaka oluxutshwe ngomuthi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-resin ye-PVC, upende we-latex, i-putty, kanye ne-adhesive yethayela, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhubekisele phambili isidingo semakethe se-cellulose ether yezinto zokwakha.
②Izwe likhuthaza ngenkuthalo izinto zokwakha eziluhlaza ezimelelwa udaka oluxubile, futhi isikhala sokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe se-cellulose ether yezinto zokwakha sinwetshwa kakhulu.
I-mortar iyinto yokubopha esetshenziswa ekwakheni izitini. Yakhiwe ngesilinganiso esithile sesihlabathi nezinto zokubopha (usimende, i-lime paste, ubumba, njll.) namanzi. Indlela yendabuko yokusebenzisa i-mortar ukuxuba endaweni, kodwa ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe embonini yokwakha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokwakha eziphucukile, ukushiyeka kwe-mortar yokuxuba endaweni kuye kwagqama kakhulu, njengekhwalithi engazinzile, ukuchithwa okukhulu kwezinto, uhlobo olulodwa lwe-mortar, izinga eliphansi lokwakha okuphucukile kanye nokungcolisa imvelo, njll.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka lokuxuba olusendaweni, inqubo yodaka oluxutshwe ngomumo iwukuxuba okugxilile, ukuthutha okuvaliwe, ukuthuthwa kwepayipi lephampu, ukufafaza ngomshini odongeni, kanye nezici zenqubo yokuxuba okumanzi ngokwako, okunciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kothuli futhi kulula ukwakhiwa ngomshini. Ngakho-ke udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo lunezinzuzo zokuzinza kwekhwalithi enhle, ukuhlukahluka okucebile, indawo yokwakha enobungane, ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, futhi lunezinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho nezemvelo. Kusukela ngo-2003, umbuso ukhiphe uchungechunge lwemibhalo ebalulekile yenqubomgomo ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kodaka oluxutshwe ngomumo kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lemboni yodaka oluxutshwe ngomumo.
Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-mortar exutshwe ngomumo esikhundleni se-mortar exutshwe endaweni sekuye kwaba enye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-PM2.5 embonini yokwakha. Esikhathini esizayo, njengoba ukwanda kwemithombo yesihlabathi namatshe ayigugu kuyanda, izindleko zokusebenzisa isihlabathi ngqo endaweni yokwakha zizokhula, futhi ukwanda kwezindleko zabasebenzi kuzoholela ekwandeni kancane kancane kwezindleko zokusetshenziswa kwe-mortar exutshwe endaweni, futhi isidingo se-mortar exutshwe ngomumo embonini yokwakha sizoqhubeka sikhula. Inani le-cellulose ether yezinga lezinto zokwakha ku-mortar exutshwe ngomumo ngokuvamile libalelwa cishe ku-2/10,000. Ukwengeza i-cellulose ether kusiza ukuqinisa i-mortar exutshwe ngomumo, ukugcina amanzi nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakha. Ukwanda kuzophinde kuqhubekisele phambili ukukhula kwesidingo se-cellulose ether yezinga lezinto zokwakha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-25-2024