1)Ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi rya ether y'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi yo mu rwego rwa selulosi
Urwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ni rwo rwego rw'ingenzi rusabwaeteri ya selulose. Cellulose ether ifite imiterere myiza nko gukurura, kubika amazi, no kugabanya ubukana, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mu kunoza no kunoza sima ivanze neza (harimo sima ivanze neza n'isima yumye), gukora resin ya PVC, irangi rya latex, putty, kole y'amatafari, Imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi birimo sima ishyushya ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho byo hasi bituma byuzuza ibisabwa mu kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, binoza imikorere myiza y'inyubako n'imitako, kandi ikoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu bwubatsi bwo gusigwa amatafari no mu mitako y'imbere n'inyuma y'inkuta z'ubwoko butandukanye bw'imishinga y'ubwubatsi. Bitewe n'ishoramari rinini mu rwego rw'ubwubatsi, ubwoko butandukanye bw'imishinga y'ubwubatsi buratandukanye, hari ubwoko bwinshi, kandi iterambere ry'ubwubatsi riratandukanye cyane, ether ya cellulose yo mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ifite imiterere y'uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha, isoko rinini, n'abakiriya batatanye.
Mu buryo bwo hagati n’ubwo hejuru bwa HPMC y’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, HPMC y’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi ifite ubushyuhe bwa gel bwa 75°C ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma byumye bivanze n’ibindi bihingwa. Ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ikora neza. Imikorere yayo ni ubushyuhe bwa gel. Ntishobora gusimburwa na HPMC y’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi kuri 60°C, kandi abakiriya b’ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa bafite ibisabwa byinshi ku buziranenge bw’ubu bwoko bw’ibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, biragoye gukora HPMC ifite ubushyuhe bwa gel bwa 75°C. Igipimo cy’ishoramari ry’ibikoresho byo gukora ni kinini, kandi umubare w’ibikoresho byinjiriramo ni munini. Igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa kiri hejuru cyane kurusha icya HPMC y’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi ifite ubushyuhe bwa gel bwa 60°C.
HPMC yihariye ya PVC ni inyongeramusaruro y'ingenzi mu gukora PVC. Nubwo HPMC yongerwamo make kandi ikaba ifite igipimo gito cy'ikiguzi cyo gukora PVC, ingaruka zo kuyikoresha ni nziza, bityo ibisabwa mu bwiza bwayo ni byinshi. Hari abakora HPMC bo mu gihugu no mu mahanga bake ba PVC, kandi igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu.
2)Iterambere ry'Inganda za Cellulose Ether zo mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi
①Iterambere rihamye ry'inganda z'ubwubatsi mu gihugu cyanjye rikomeje gutuma isoko ry'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi byo mu rwego rwa cellulose ether rirushaho kwiyongera.
Dukurikije imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare, mu 2021, igipimo cy'iterambere ry'imijyi mu gihugu cyanjye (umubare w'abaturage bo mu mijyi mu baturage b'igihugu) kizagera kuri 64.72%, bingana na 0.83% ugereranije n'impera za 2020, ndetse bingana na 49.95% mu 2010. Ibice 14.77%, bigaragaza ko igihugu cyanjye cyinjiye mu cyiciro cyo hagati n'icya nyuma cy'iterambere ry'imijyi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwiyongera kw'ibikenewe ku isoko ry'ubutaka mu gihugu nabyo byinjiye mu cyiciro gihamye, kandi itandukaniro ry'ibikenewe mu mijyi itandukanye ryarushijeho kugaragara. Ubusabe bw'amazu bukomeje kwiyongera. Mu gihe kizaza, bitewe n'igabanuka ry'umubare w'inganda z'igihugu cyanjye n'ubwiyongere bw'umubare w'inganda zitanga serivisi, kwiyongera kw'imirimo ihoraho nko guhanga udushya no kwihangira imirimo, no guteza imbere uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoreramo, hazashyirwaho ibisabwa bishya ku bucuruzi bw'imijyi, aho gutura no kuringaniza imirimo. Ibicuruzwa by’ubutaka n’ibyo inganda zikeneye bizarushaho kuba byinshi, kandi inganda z’ubutaka n’iz’ubwubatsi zinjiye mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho n’impinduka.
Ingano y'ishoramari ry'inganda z'ubwubatsi, agace k'ubwubatsi bw'ubutaka, agace kuzuye, agace k'imitako y'amazu n'impinduka zako, urwego rw'amafaranga abaturage binjiza n'ingeso zo gushushanya, nibindi, ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu ku giciro cy'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi byo mu rwego rwa cellulose ether. Inzira yo gutera imbere mu mijyi ifitanye isano rya hafi. Kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2021, ishoramari ry'ubutaka mu gihugu cyanjye ryarangiye n'agaciro k'umusaruro w'inganda z'ubwubatsi byakomeje kwiyongera. Mu 2021, ishoramari ry'ubutaka mu gihugu cyanjye ryari tiriyari 14.76 z'amayuani, izamuka rya 4.35% ry'umwaka ku mwaka; agaciro k'umusaruro w'inganda z'ubwubatsi kari tiriyari 29.31 z'amayuani, izamuka rya 11.04% buri mwaka.
Kuva mu 2011 kugeza 2021, igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’imyubakire mu mwaka w’ubwubatsi mu nganda z’ubwubatsi zo mu gihugu cyanjye ni 6.77%, naho igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’imyubakire mu mwaka w’ubwubatsi bw’amazu yo kuzura ni 0.91%. Muri 2021, ubuso bw’ubwubatsi mu nganda z’ubwubatsi zo mu gihugu cyanjye buzaba metero kare miliyari 9.754, hamwe n’igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku mwaka cya 5.20%; ubuso bw’ubwubatsi buzaba miliyari 1.014 za metero kare, hamwe n’igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku mwaka cya 11.20%. Iterambere ryiza ry’inganda z’ubwubatsi zo mu gihugu rizongera ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi nk’imashini zivanze, ikorwa rya PVC resin, irangi rya latex, putty, na tile adhesive, bityo bigatuma isoko rikenera ether y’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi byo mu rwego rwa cellulose.
②Igihugu gishishikariza cyane ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi by’icyatsi kibisi bigaragazwa n’imyanda ivanze, kandi isoko ry’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi byo mu rwego rwa cellulose ether rirushaho kwaguka.
Ibumba ni ikintu gikoreshwa mu kubaka amatafari. Kigizwe n'umucanga n'ibikoresho bifatanya (sima, ibumba ry'indimu, ibumba, nibindi) n'amazi. Uburyo gakondo bwo gukoresha ibumba ni ukuvanga ahantu hakorerwa ibiza, ariko bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda z'ubwubatsi no kunoza ibisabwa mu bwubatsi bw'ubuhanga, inenge zo kuvanga ahantu hakorerwa ibiza zarushijeho kugaragara, nko kuba ubuziranenge budahamye, imyanda myinshi y'ibikoresho, ubwoko bumwe bwa ibumba, urwego ruto rw'ubwubatsi bw'ubuhanga no kwanduza ibidukikije, nibindi.
Ugereranyije n'uruvange rw'ibintu bivangwa aho hantu, inzira yo kuvanga ibintu byateguwe ni ukuvanga ibintu byinshi, gutwara ibintu mu buryo bufunze, gutwara imiyoboro ya pompe, gutera imashini ku rukuta, hamwe n'imiterere y'inzira yo kuvanga ibintu bitose, bigabanya cyane ivumbi kandi bikaba byoroshye kubaka hakoreshejwe imashini. Kubwibyo, uruvange rw'ibintu rwateguwe rufite ibyiza byo kudahungabana neza, ubwiza bwinshi, ibidukikije byiza byo kubaka, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ikoreshwa, kandi rufite inyungu nziza mu bukungu no mu bidukikije. Kuva mu 2003, leta yasohoye inyandiko nyinshi z'ingenzi zo guteza imbere ikorwa n'ikoreshwa rya ruvange rw'ibintu byateguwe no kunoza amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda za ruvange rw'ibintu byateguwe.
Kuri ubu, gukoresha sima ivanze yateguwe aho gukoresha sima ivanze yashyizwe ahantu runaka byabaye bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya PM2.5 mu nganda z'ubwubatsi. Mu gihe kizaza, bitewe n'ubuke bw'umucanga n'amabuye, ikiguzi cyo gukoresha umucanga ahantu bubaka kiziyongera, kandi kwiyongera kw'ikiguzi cy'abakozi bizatuma ikiguzi cyo gukoresha sima ivanze yashyizwe ahantu runaka kizamuka buhoro buhoro, kandi icyifuzo cya sima ivanze yateguwe mu nganda z'ubwubatsi kizakomeza kwiyongera. Ingano ya eteri ya cellulose yo mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi muri sima ivanze yateguwe muri rusange ingana na 2/10.000. Kongeramo eteri ya cellulose bifasha gukurura sima ivanze yateguwe, kubika amazi no kunoza imikorere y'ubwubatsi. Ubwiyongere buzanatera kwiyongera k'ubwiyongere bw ...ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya cellulose.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 25 Mata 2024