Ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ku-fracturing fluid

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) iyi-cellulose encibilika emanzini esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kawoyela negesi, ikakhulukazi ekuqhekekeni koketshezi. I-Hydraulic fracturing, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-fracking, iyindlela yokukhuthaza esetshenziswa ukwandisa ukukhishwa kukawoyela negesi yemvelo ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ama-PAC adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemisebenzi ye-hydraulic fracturing, enikela ekusebenzeni kahle, ekuzinzeni kanye nempumelelo iyonke yenqubo.

1. Isingeniso ku-polyanionic cellulose (PAC):

I-polyanionic cellulose itholakala ku-cellulose, i-polymer yemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PAC kuhilela ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-cellulose, okuholela ku-polymer ye-anionic encibilikayo emanzini. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile ziyenza ifaneleke ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa, kufaka phakathi njengesithako esiyinhloko ekuqhekekeni kokwakheka koketshezi.

2. Indima ye-PAC ekuqhekekeni koketshezi:

Ukwengeza i-PAC eziphuzweni zokuqhekeka kungashintsha izakhiwo zayo ze-rheological, kulawule ukulahleka koketshezi, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza koketshezi jikelele. Izakhiwo zayo eziningi zinegalelo empumelelweni yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic ngezindlela eziningi.

2.1 Ukuguqulwa kwe-Rheological:

I-PAC isebenza njengomuguquli we-rheology, ithinta i-viscosity kanye nezici zokugeleza koketshezi oluqhekeka. I-viscosity elawulwayo ibalulekile ekulethweni kwe-proppant okuhle kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-proppant ithwalwa kahle futhi ibekwe ngaphakathi kwezaphuka ezidalwe ekwakhekeni kwedwala.

2.2 Ukulawulwa kokulahlekelwa amanzi:

Enye yezinselele zokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic ukuvimbela uketshezi oluningi kakhulu ukuthi lungalahleki ekwakhekeni. I-PAC ingalawula ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamanzi futhi yakhe ikhekhe lokuhlunga elivikelayo ebusweni bokuqhekeka. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ubuqotho bokuqhekeka, kuvimbela ukunamathela kwe-proppant futhi kuqinisekise ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza emthonjeni.

2.3 Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa:

I-PAC izinzile ekushiseni, into ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic, okuvame ukudinga ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene. Ikhono le-PAC lokugcina ukusebenza kwayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezahlukahlukene lifaka isandla ekuthembekeni nasekuphumeleleni kwenqubo yokuqhekeka.

3. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ngefomula:

Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-PAC eziphuzweni zokuqhekeka kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwamapharamitha okwakheka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwebanga le-PAC, ukuhlushwa, kanye nokuhambisana nezinye izithasiselo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-PAC nezinye izingxenye eziphuzweni zokuqhekeka, njenge-cross-linkers kanye nama-breaker, kumele kulungiselelwe ukusebenza kahle.

4. Izinto ezicatshangelwayo zemvelo kanye nemithetho:

Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nemithethonqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic iqhubeka nokukhula, ukusetshenziswa kwama-PAC eziphuzweni zokuqhekeka kuhambisana nemizamo yemboni yokuthuthukisa amafomula anobungani nemvelo. I-PAC iyancibilika emanzini futhi iyabola, inciphisa umthelela emvelweni futhi ixazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nezithasiselo zamakhemikhali ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydraulic.

5. Izifundo zamacala kanye nezicelo zasensimini:

Izifundo eziningana zamacala kanye nezicelo zasensimini zibonisa ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwe-PAC ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydraulic. Lezi zibonelo ziqokomisa ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo zokufaka i-PAC ekwakhiweni koketshezi lwe-fracturing.

6. Izinselele kanye nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo:

Nakuba i-PAC ibonakale iyisici esibalulekile ekuqhekekeni koketshezi, izinselele zisalokhu njengezinkinga zokuhambisana namanzi athile okwakheka kanye nesidingo socwaningo olwengeziwe ngemiphumela yawo yesikhathi eside emvelweni. Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ingagxila ekubhekaneni nalezi zinselele, kanye nokuhlola ukwakheka okusha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama kwemisebenzi yokuqhekeka koketshezi olusebenzisa amanzi.

7. Isiphetho:

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni koketshezi lokuqhekeka kwemisebenzi yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic embonini kawoyela negesi. Izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zinegalelo ekulawulweni kwe-rheology, ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi kanye nokuqina kokushisa, ekugcineni kuthuthukisa impumelelo yenqubo yokuqhekeka. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokukhula, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PAC kuhambisana nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo kanye nezidingo zomthetho, okwenza kube yingxenye ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhuba yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic eqhubekayo. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa ingase iholele ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kokwakheka koketshezi lokuqhekeka olusekelwe ku-PAC, ukubhekana nezinselele kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene ze-geological kanye nokusebenza.