Ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyanionic cellulose (PAC) kulwelo lwe-fracturing

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) sisixhobo esinyibilikayo emanzini esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leoyile negesi, ingakumbi kwi-fracturing fluid formulations. I-Hydraulic fracturing, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fracking, yindlela yokuvuselela esetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukukhutshwa kweoyile kunye negesi yendalo kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Ii-PAC zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyilo nasekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi ye-hydraulic fracturing, inegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle, uzinzo kunye nempumelelo iyonke yenkqubo.

1. Intshayelelo kwi-polyanionic cellulose (PAC):

I-polyanionic cellulose isuka kwi-cellulose, i-polymer yendalo efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo. Ukuveliswa kwe-PAC kubandakanya ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali ze-cellulose, okubangela i-polymer ye-anionic enyibilikayo emanzini. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo ziyenza ifaneleke kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kuquka njengesithako esiphambili ekuqhekezeni ulwelo.

2. Indima ye-PAC ekuqhekekeni kolwelo:

Ukongeza i-PAC kulwelo lwe-fracturing kunokutshintsha iipropati zayo ze-rheological, kulawule ukulahleka kolwelo, kwaye kuphucule ukusebenza kolwelo ngokubanzi. Iipropati zayo ezininzi zinegalelo kwimpumelelo ye-hydraulic fracturing ngeendlela ezininzi.

2.1 Uhlengahlengiso lwe-Rheological:

I-PAC isebenza njengohlengahlengiso lwe-rheology, ichaphazela iimpawu ze-viscosity kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi okuqhekeka. I-viscosity elawulwayo ibalulekile ekuhanjisweni kwe-proppant ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-proppant ithwalwa kakuhle kwaye ibekwe ngaphakathi kwaqhekeka okwenziwe ekwakhiweni kwelitye.

2.2 Ulawulo lokulahleka kwamanzi:

Enye yeengxaki zokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic kukuthintela ulwelo oluninzi ukuba lungalahleki kwindawo eyakhiwe kuyo. I-PAC inokulawula ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamanzi kwaye yenze ikhekhe lesihluzi esikhuselayo kumphezulu wokuqhekeka. Oku kunceda ukugcina ukuthembeka kokuqhekeka, kuthintela ukufakwa kwepropant kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwemveliso emngxunyeni.

2.3 Uzinzo lobushushu:

I-PAC izinzile kubushushu, into ephambili kwimisebenzi yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic, edla ngokufuna ukuvezwa kubushushu obahlukeneyo. Amandla e-PAC okugcina ukusebenza kwayo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu ezahlukeneyo anegalelo ekuthembekeni nasekuphumeleleni kwenkqubo yokuqhekeka.

3. Amanyathelo okhuseleko kwifomula:

Ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-PAC kulwelo lwe-fracturing kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kweeparameters zefomyula. Oku kuquka ukukhethwa komgangatho we-PAC, uxinaniso, kunye nokuhambelana nezinye izongezo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-PAC kunye nezinye izinto kulwelo lwe-fracturing, ezifana nee-cross-linkers kunye nee-breakers, kufuneka kulungiselelwe ukusebenza kakuhle.

4. Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimithetho:

Njengoko ulwazi ngokusingqongileyo kunye nemithetho yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic iqhubeka nokutshintsha, ukusetyenziswa kwee-PACs kulwelo lokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic kuhambelana nemizamo yoshishino yokuphuhlisa amafomula anobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. I-PAC iyanyibilika emanzini kwaye iyabola, inciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwaye isombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nezongezo zeekhemikhali kwi-hydraulic fracturing.

5. Izifundo zetyala kunye nezicelo zalo mmandla:

Izifundo ezininzi zeemeko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimi kubonisa ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-PAC kwi-hydraulic fracturing. Le mizekelo igxininisa ukuphuculwa kokusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo zokufaka i-PAC kwi-fracturing fluid formulations.

6. Imingeni kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo:

Nangona i-PAC ibonakalise ukuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kulwelo lwe-fracturing, imingeni isasele efana nemiba yokuhambelana namanzi athile okwenziwa kunye nesidingo sophando olongezelelekileyo malunga nempembelelo yawo yexesha elide kwindalo esingqongileyo. Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lunokugxila ekusombululeni le mingeni, kunye nokuphonononga iindlela ezintsha kunye netekhnoloji yokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kwemisebenzi ye-hydraulic fracturing.

7. Isiphelo:

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kolwelo lwe-fracturing kwimisebenzi ye-hydraulic fracturing kwishishini leoyile negesi. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zinegalelo kulawulo lwe-rheology, ukuthintela ukulahleka kolwelo kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, ekugqibeleni kuphucula impumelelo yenkqubo ye-fracturing. Njengoko eli shishini liqhubeka nokukhula, ukusetyenziswa kwe-PAC kuhambelana nokuqwalaselwa kwendalo kunye neemfuno zomthetho, okwenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweendlela ze-hydraulic fracturing ezizinzileyo. Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nemizamo yophuhliso inokukhokelela kwinkqubela phambili kwi-PAC-based fracturing fluid formulations, ukujongana nemingeni kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zejoloji kunye nokusebenza.