Icutshungulwa njani i-cellulose?

Ukucubungula i-cellulose kubandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha nokuyicoca kwimithombo yayo yendalo, ingakumbi izityalo. I-Cellulose, i-polysaccharide, yenza icandelo lesakhiwo seendonga zeseli kwizityalo kwaye yeyona polymer yendalo ininzi kakhulu eMhlabeni. Ukucubungula kwayo kubalulekile kumashishini aqala ephepheni nakwimpahla yokunxiba ukuya ekutyeni nakwimithi.

1. Ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa gwenxa:

I-Cellulose ifumaneka kakhulu kwizityalo, apho umthi kunye nomqhaphu zezona mithombo zixhaphakileyo. Eminye imithombo ibandakanya i-hemp, i-flax, i-jute, kunye ne-algae ethile. Izityalo ezahlukeneyo zinomxholo we-cellulose owahlukileyo, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha kunye nokucubungula.

2. Unyango lwangaphambi konyango:

Ngaphambi kokukhupha i-cellulose, izinto ezikrwada ziyanyangwa ngaphambi kokususa izinto ezingezizo ii-cellulosic ezifana ne-lignin, i-hemicellulose, kunye ne-pectin. Eli nyathelo liphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha i-cellulose. Iindlela zonyango zangaphambi kokusebenzisa ziquka ukugaya ngoomatshini, unyango lweekhemikhali (umz., i-asidi okanye i-alkali hydrolysis), kunye neenkqubo zebhayoloji (umz., ukugaya nge-enzymatic).

3. Ukukhupha iCellulose:

Nje ukuba ilungisiwe kwangaphambili, i-cellulose ikhutshwa kwizinto zesityalo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa le njongo:

Iindlela Zoomatshini: Iindlela zoomatshini ziquka ukuqhekeza izinto zesityalo ukuze kukhutshwe imicu yeseli. Oku kungabandakanya ukugaya, ukugawula, okanye ukucinezela.

Iindlela zeKhemikhali: Iindlela zeKhemikhali ziquka ukunyanga izinto zesityalo ngeekhemikhali ukuze zinyibilikise okanye zonakalise izinto ezingezizo iiseli, zishiye iselilulose. I-asidi hydrolysis kunye nonyango lwe-alkaline ziindlela zekhemikali ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.

Iindlela ze-Enzymatic: Iindlela ze-Enzymatic zisebenzisa ii-enzymes ze-cellulase ukuqhekeza i-cellulose ibe ziishukela zayo. Le nkqubo ikhetha ngakumbi kwaye inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo xa ithelekiswa neendlela zeekhemikhali.

4. Ukucocwa nokucocwa:

Nje ukuba ikhutshwe, i-cellulose iyahlanjululwa kwaye ilungiswe ukuze kususwe ukungcola kwaye kufezekiswe iimpawu ezifunekayo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuhlanjwa, ukuhluzwa, kunye nokufakwa kwe-centrifugation ukuze kwahlulwe imicu ye-cellulose kwiikhemikhali eziseleyo okanye ezinye izinto.

5. Ukwenziwa kunye nokuSebenza:

Emva kokucocwa, i-cellulose ingacutshungulwa ibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwindlela ecetywayo ukuyisebenzisa ngayo. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

I-Pulp: I-Cellulose pulp isetyenziswa kushishino lwephepha kunye nekhadibhodi. Ingaxutywa ukuze kufunyanwe amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhanya.

Iifayibha: Iifayibha ze-cellulose zisetyenziswa kwimpahla kunye neempahla. Zingasontwa zibe yintambo kwaye zilukwe zibe ngamalaphu.

Iifilimu kunye neeNkumba: I-Cellulose ingacutshungulwa ibe ziifilimu ezincinci okanye ii-membrane ezisetyenziswa ekupakisheni, ekusetyenzisweni kwe-biomedical, nasekuhluzeni.

Izinto eziveliswa ziikhemikhali: I-Cellulose ingatshintshwa ngokweekhemikhali ukuze kuveliswe izinto eziveliswa ziikhemikhali ezineempawu ezithile. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-cellulose acetate (esetyenziswa kwifilimu yemifanekiso kunye neempahla) kunye ne-carboxymethyl cellulose (esetyenziswa kwiimveliso zokutya kunye namayeza).

I-Nanocellulose: I-Nanocellulose ibhekisa kwiifayibha ze-cellulose okanye iikristale ezinobukhulu be-nanoscale. Ineempawu ezikhethekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo eziphambili ezifana ne-nanocomposites, izixhobo ze-biomedical, kunye ne-elektroniki.

6. Izicelo:

I-cellulose ecutshungulwayo ifumana usetyenziso olubanzi kumashishini onke:

Iphepha kunye nokuPakisha: I-Cellulose yinto ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwephepha, amakhadibhodi, kunye nezinto zokuPakisha.

Impahla Eyenziwe Ngelaphu: Umqhaphu, umthombo we-cellulose, usetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lempahla, impahla yasekhaya, kunye neempahla zoshishino.

Ukutya kunye namayeza: Izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose zisetyenziswa njengeziqinisi, iziqinisi, kunye nezixubisisi kwiimveliso zokutya kunye nefomyula zamayeza.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango: Izixhobo ezisekelwe kwiseli zisetyenziswa kwiibhandeji zamanxeba, izikhonkwane zobunjineli bezicubu, iinkqubo zokuhambisa amayeza, kunye nee-implants zonyango.

Ukulungiswa Kwendalo: Izinto ezisekelwe kwi-cellulose zingasetyenziselwa iinjongo zokulungisa indalo, njengokucoca amanzi kunye nokucoca ukuchitheka kweoyile.

Amandla Avuselelekayo: I-cellulose biomass inokuguqulwa ibe yi-biofuels ezifana ne-ethanol ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana nokubiliswa kunye ne-enzyme hydrolysis.

7. Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwiNdalo:

Ukulungiswa kweseli kunefuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo, ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye namandla. Kuzanywa ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokucubungula ezizinzileyo, njengokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezivaliweyo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi kunye neekhemikhali.

8. Iindlela Ezihamba Ngayo:

Iindlela zexesha elizayo zokucubungula i-cellulose ziquka ukuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphambili ezineempawu eziphuculweyo, ezifana neeplastiki ezinokubola, amalaphu akrelekrele, kunye ne-nanocomposites. Kukwakho nomdla okhulayo wokusebenzisa i-cellulose njengendlela evuselelekayo nehlala ixesha elide kunezixhobo ezisekwe kwi-fossil kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukucubungula i-cellulose kubandakanya uthotho lwamanyathelo, kuquka ukukhupha, ukucoca, kunye nokwenziwa kwayo, ukuvelisa uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweemveliso ezinezicelo ezininzi zoshishino. Imizamo yokuphucula iindlela zokucubungula kunye nokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezintsha ezisekelwe kwi-cellulose iqhubela phambili kweli candelo, kugxilwe ekuzinzeni nasekuthwaleni uxanduva lokusingqongileyo.