Gutunganya selulose bikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikuramo no kuyitunganya mu bimera biyikomokaho, cyane cyane ibimera. Selulose, polysaccharide, igize imiterere y’inkuta z’uturemangingo mu bimera kandi ni yo polymeri y’umwimerere iboneka cyane ku Isi. Gutunganya kwayo ni ingenzi cyane mu nganda zitandukanye kuva ku mpapuro n’imyenda kugeza ku biribwa n’imiti.
1. Gushaka ibikoresho fatizo:
Selulosi ikomoka ahanini ku bimera, aho ibiti n'ipamba ari byo bikunze kuboneka. Andi masoko arimo hemp, flax, jute, na algae zimwe na zimwe. Ibimera bitandukanye bifite cellulose zitandukanye, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kuyikura no kuyitunganya.
2. Kuvura mbere y'uko uvura:
Mbere yo gukuramo selulosi, ibikoresho fatizo bibanza kuvurwa kugira ngo bikuremo ibintu bitari selulosi nka lignin, hemicellulose, na pectin. Iyi ntambwe yongera ubushobozi bwo gukuramo selulosi. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo gusya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti (urugero: aside cyangwa alkali hydrolysis), hamwe n'imikorere y'ibinyabuzima (urugero: igogorwa rya enzymatic).
3. Gukuramo selulosi:
Iyo imaze kuvurwa mbere, selulose ikurwa mu bimera. Uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa muri iyi ntego:
Uburyo bwa Mechanical: Uburyo bwa Mechanical bukubiyemo gusenya ibikoresho by'ibimera kugira ngo birekure imigozi ya cellulose. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gusya, gusya, cyangwa gukanda.
Uburyo bwa Chimique: Uburyo bwa chimique bukubiyemo gusiga ibimera imiti kugira ngo bishongeshe cyangwa bivune ibice bitari cellulosique, hagasigara cellulose. Uburyo bwa chimique bukoreshwa cyane mu gukamura aside na alkaline.
Uburyo bwa Enzymatic: Uburyo bwa Enzymatic bukoresha enzymes za cellulase kugira ngo bugabanye cellulose mo isukari igize. Ubu buryo buhitamo neza kandi butangiza ibidukikije ugereranije n'uburyo bwa shimi.
4. Gutunganya no Gutunganya:
Iyo imaze gukurwamo, selulosi iratunganywa kandi igatunganywa kugira ngo ikureho imyanda kandi igere ku miterere yifuzwa. Ibi bishobora gusaba kozwa, kuyungururwa no gucukurwa kugira ngo hatandukanye imigozi ya selulosi n'ibisigaye cyangwa ibindi bice.
5. Gutunganya no gutunganya:
Nyuma yo gusukurwa, selulose ishobora gutunganywa mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n'uko ikoreshwa. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo:
Ibinure: Ibinure bya selulosi bikoreshwa mu nganda z'impapuro n'amakarito. Bishobora gusigwa kugira ngo bigere ku rwego rutandukanye rw'urumuri.
Fibre: Fibre za selulosi zikoreshwa mu myenda no mu myenda. Zishobora kuzunguzwa mu budodo no kubohwa mu myenda.
Filimi n'Uturemangingo: Selilulose ishobora gutunganywamo uduce duto cyangwa uturemangingo dukoreshwa mu gupfunyika, mu gukoresha imiti, no mu kuyungurura.
Ibikomoka kuri Chimique: Selilulose ishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe imiti kugira ngo ikore ibintu bifite imiterere yihariye. Urugero: selilulose acetate (ikoreshwa mu mafoto no mu myenda) na selilulose ya carboxymethyl (ikoreshwa mu biribwa no mu miti).
Nanocellulose: Nanocellulose yerekeza ku migozi ya selulose cyangwa kristu zifite ingano ntoya. Ifite imiterere yihariye kandi ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye bigezweho nka nanocomposites, ibikoresho bya siyansi, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
6. Porogaramu:
Selulosi itunganyijwe ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye mu nganda:
Impapuro n'ibipfunyika: Cellulose ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora impapuro, amakarito, n'ibikoresho byo gupfunyika.
Imyenda: Ipamba, isoko ya selulose, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'imyenda mu myenda, mu myenda yo mu rugo, no mu nganda.
Ibiryo n'imiti: Ibikomoka kuri selulosi bikoreshwa nk'ibikomeza, bitera imbaraga, kandi bigatera imbaraga mu bicuruzwa by'ibiribwa n'imiti.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha mu buvuzi: Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri selulosi bikoreshwa mu gupfuka ibikomere, mu gukaraba ibyuma, mu buryo bwo gutanga imiti, no mu gutera imiti mu buvuzi.
Gutunganya Ibidukikije: Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri selulosi bishobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byo gutunganya ibidukikije, nko gusukura amazi no gusukura amavuta yamenetse.
Ingufu zisubira: Ibinyabutabire bya selulosi bishobora guhindurwamo ibikomoka kuri peteroli nka ethanol binyuze mu nzira nko gushyushya no gusya enzyme.
7. Ibigomba kwitabwaho mu kubungabunga ibidukikije:
Gutunganya selulosi bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'imiti n'ingufu. Harimo gukorwa ingamba zo guteza imbere uburyo burambye bwo gutunganya, nko gukoresha amasoko y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugabanya imiyoboro y'amazi n'imiti ikoreshwa mu kongera gukoresha amazi.
8. Ingendo z'ejo hazaza:
Ingendo z'ejo hazaza mu gutunganya cellulose zirimo guteza imbere ibikoresho bigezweho bifite imiterere myiza, nka pulasitiki ishobora kubora, imyenda igezweho, na nanocomposites. Hari kandi ubushake bwo gukoresha cellulose nk'uburyo bwo kongera gukoreshwa kandi burambye aho gukoresha ibikoresho bishingiye ku bisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima mu buryo butandukanye.
Gutunganya selulose bisaba intambwe zitandukanye, harimo gukuramo, gutunganya no gukora, kugira ngo hakorwe ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibicuruzwa bifite ikoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi. Imbaraga zo kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya bishingiye kuri selulose zirimo gutera imbere muri uru rwego, hibandwa ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Mata 2024