Muhari yakasanganiswa yakagadzirwa, huwandu hwekuwedzera hweether ye celluloseyakaderera zvikuru, asi inogona kuvandudza mashandiro emota yakanyorova, uye chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa mashandiro emota. Kusarudzwa kwakanaka kwe cellulose ethers dzemhando dzakasiyana, viscosities dzakasiyana, saizi dzakasiyana dzezvimedu, madhigirii akasiyana ekusimba uye huwandu hwakawedzerwa zvichave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakuvandudzwa kwebasa remota yakawoma. Parizvino, mamota mazhinji ekugadzira nekuisa plaster haana mashandiro akanaka ekuchengetedza mvura, uye slurry yemvura inoparadzana mushure memaminitsi mashoma ekumira.
Kuchengetwa kwemvura ibasa rakakosha remethyl cellulose ether, uye ibasa iro vagadziri vemadhaka emumba vanosanganisa dry-mix, kunyanya avo vari kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira, vanoteerera. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwemvura kwedhaka remusanganiswa wakaoma zvinosanganisira huwandu hweMC yakawedzerwa, viscosity yeMC, kupfava kwezvikamu uye tembiricha yenzvimbo inoshandiswa.
Cellulose ether ipolymer yakagadzirwa kubva kucellulose yechisikigo kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemakemikari. Cellulose ether inobva kucellulose yechisikigo. Kugadzirwa kwecellulose ether kwakasiyana nemapolymer ekugadzira. Chinhu chayo chikuru icellulose, musanganiswa wepolymer wechisikigo. Nekuda kwehunhu hwechimiro checellulose yechisikigo, cellulose pachayo haina kugona kuita ne etherification agents. Zvisinei, mushure mekurapwa kwemushonga wekuzvimba, hydrogen bonds yakasimba pakati pemaketani emamorekuru nemaketani inoparadzwa, uye kusunungurwa kwehydroxyl group kunova reactive alkali cellulose. Wana cellulose ether.
Hunhu hwe cellulose ethers hunoenderana nerudzi, huwandu uye kupararira kwezvinotsiva. Kurongwa kwe cellulose ethers kunoenderanawo nerudzi rwezvinotsiva, mwero we etherification, kunyungudika uye hunhu hwakabatana hwekushandisa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinotsiva pa molecular chain, inogona kukamurwa kuita monoether ne mixed ether. MC yatinowanzo shandisa i monoether, uyeHPMCiether yakasanganiswa. Methyl cellulose ether MC chigadzirwa mushure mekunge hydroxyl group iri pa glucose unit ye natural cellulose yatsiviwa ne methoxy. Ichi chigadzirwa chinowanikwa nekutsiva chikamu che hydroxyl group pa unit ne methoxy group uye chimwe chikamu ne hydroxypropyl group. Fomura yechimiro ndeiyi [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, idzi ndidzo mhando huru dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye dzinotengeswa mumusika.
Panyaya yekunyungudika, inogona kukamurwa kuita ionic neisina ionic. Ma ether e non-ionic cellulose anonyungudika mumvura anonyanya kuumbwa ne alkyl ethers mbiri dzakatevedzana uye hydroxyalkyl ethers. Ionic CMC inonyanya kushandiswa mu sipo dzekugadzira, kudhinda nekudhaya machira, kutsvaga chikafu nemafuta. Non-ionic MC, HPMC, HEMC, nezvimwewo zvinonyanya kushandiswa muzvinhu zvekuvaka, latex coatings, mishonga, makemikari ezuva nezuva, nezvimwewo. Anoshandiswa se thickener, water retaining agent, stabilizer, dispersant uye film forming agent.
Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwe cellulose ether: Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, kunyanya dry powder mortar, cellulose ether ine basa risingatsiviwe, kunyanya mukugadzirwa kwe special mortar (modified mortar), chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha. Basa rakakosha re water-soluble cellulose ether mu mortar rine zvinhu zvitatu, chimwe kugona kwakanaka kwekuchengetedza mvura, chimwe ndechekukanganisa kuenderana uye thixotropy yemortar, uye chechitatu kusangana nesimende. Mhedzisiro yekuchengetedzwa kwemvura kwe cellulose ether inoenderana nekutorwa kwemvura kwe base layer, kuumbwa kwemortar, ukobvu hwemortar layer, kudiwa kwemvura kwemortar, uye nguva yekuisa zvinhu. Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwe cellulose ether pachayo kunobva mukunyungudika uye kupera simba kwe cellulose ether pachayo. Sezvatinoziva tese, kunyangwe cellulose molecular chain ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe OH groups dzinokwanisa kunyorova zvakanyanya, hainyungudike mumvura, nekuti cellulose structure ine crystallinity yakakura. Kugona kwehydroxyl groups chete kunyorovesa mvura hakuna kukwana kufukidza simba rehydrogen bonds uye van der Waals masimba pakati pemamorekuru. Saka, inongozvimba chete asi hainyungudike mumvura. Kana chinhu chinotsiva chikaiswa mu molecular chain, kwete chete chinhu chinotsiva chinoparadza hydrogen chain, asiwo interchain hydrogen bond inoparadzwa nekuda kwekubatana kwechinhu chinotsiva pakati pemaketani ari pedyo. Chinhu chinotsiva chikuru, daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rakakura. Daro riri kure. Kana mhedzisiro yekuparadza hydrogen bonds yakakura, cellulose ether inonyungudika mumvura mushure mekunge cellulose lattice yawedzera uye mhinduro ichipinda, ichigadzira mhinduro ine viscosity yakawanda. Kana tembiricha yakwira, hydration yepolymer inoderera, uye mvura iri pakati pemaketani inodzingwa. Kana mhedzisiro yekushaya mvura yakakwana, mamorekuru anotanga kuungana, achigadzira gel yechimiro che network ine mativi matatu uye inopetwa.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuchengetwa kwemvura mudhaka zvinosanganisira kusimba kwe cellulose ether, huwandu hwayo, kupfava kwezvidimbu uye tembiricha yekushandisa.
Kana viscosity ye cellulose ether yakakwira, zvinoita kuti kuchengetedza mvura kurambe kuri nani. Viscosity iparameter yakakosha yeMCmashandiro. Parizvino, vagadziri veMC vakasiyana vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana uye zvishandiso kuyera viscosity yeMC. Nzira huru ndiHaake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde naBrookfield, nezvimwewo. Pachigadzirwa chimwe chete, viscosity yakawanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana yakasiyana zvikuru, uye dzimwe dzine musiyano wakapetwa kaviri. Saka, kana tichienzanisa viscosity, inofanira kuitwa pakati penzira dzakafanana dzekuedza, kusanganisira tembiricha, rotor, nezvimwewo.
Kazhinji, kana viscosity yakakwira, zvinoita kuti mvura irambe ichichengetwa zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kana viscosity yakakwira uye huremu hweMC hwakakwira, kudzikira kwekunyungudika kwayo kuchaita kuti simba remuto riwedzere uye mashandiro ekuvaka. Kana viscosity yakakwira, zvinoita kuti ganda riwedzere kukora, asi harina kuenzana zvakananga. Kana viscosity yakakwira, ndipo pachava nekusimba kwakanyanya, ndiko kuti, panguva yekuvaka, inoonekwa seinonamatira pa scraper uye ine kunamatira kwakanyanya ku substrate. Asi hazvibatsiri kuwedzera simba remuto wemvura pachayo. Panguva yekuvaka, kushanda kwe anti-sag hakusi pachena. Kusiyana neizvi, mamwe ma viscosity epakati nepasi asi akagadziriswa methyl cellulose ethers ane mashandiro akanaka mukuvandudza simba remuto wemvura.
Kana huwandu hwe cellulose ether hukawedzerwa mumortar hwakakura, zvinoita kuti kuchengetedza mvura kurambe kuri nani, uye viscosity yacho ikakwira, zvinoita kuti kuchengetedza mvura kurambe kuri nani.
Kana tichitaura nezvehukuru hwezvimedu, kana zvimedu zvakatetepa, ndipo panobva pava nekuchengetedza mvura. Kana zvimedu zvikuru zve cellulose ether zvasangana nemvura, pamusoro payo panobva panyunguduka uye panobva paita jeri rekuputira zvinhu izvi kudzivirira mamorekuru emvura kuti asarambe achipinda. Dzimwe nguva hazvigone kupararira zvakaenzana uye kunyunguduka kunyangwe mushure mekukurunga kwenguva refu, zvichigadzira mhinduro ine makore kana agglomeration. Zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza mvura ye cellulose ether, uye kunyunguduka ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinosarudza cellulose ether. Kunyunguduka zvakare chiratidzo chakakosha chekushanda kwemethyl cellulose ether. Iyo MC inoshandiswa pa dry powder mortar inofanirwa kunge iri powder, ine mvura shoma, uye kunyunguduka kwayo kunodawo 20% ~ 60% yehukuru hwezvimedu kuti ive pasi pe63um. Kunyunguduka uku kunokanganisa kunyunguduka kwemethyl cellulose ether. Coarse MC inowanzo kuve granular, uye iri nyore kunyunguduka mumvura isina agglomeration, asi chiyero chekunyunguduka chinononoka, saka haina kukodzera kushandiswa mu dry powder mortar. Mumortar yeupfu hwakaoma, MC inoparadzirwa pakati pezvinhu zvekusimbisa zvakaita seaggregate, filler fine nesimende, uye upfu hwakatsetseka chete ndihwo hunogona kudzivirira methyl cellulose ether agglomeration kana ichisanganiswa nemvura. Kana MC ikaiswa nemvura kuti inyungudise ma agglomerates, zvinonetsa zvikuru kupararira nekunyungudika. Kupfava kweMC hakungoparadzi chete, asiwo kunoderedza simba remortar yemunharaunda. Kana dry powder mortar yakadaro ikashandiswa munzvimbo yakakura, kumhanya kwemortar yeupfu hwakaoma yemunharaunda kuchaderera zvakanyanya, uye mitswe ichaonekwa nekuda kwenguva dzakasiyana dzekupisa. Kune mortar yakapfapfaidzwa nekugadzirwa kwemuchina, zvinodiwa zvekupfava zvakanyanya nekuda kwenguva pfupi yekusanganisa.
Kupfava kweMC kunewo mhedzisiro yakati pakuchengetedza mvura. Kazhinji, kune ethers dzemethyl cellulose dzine viscosity yakafanana asi kupfava kwakasiyana, kana huwandu hwacho hwakawedzerwa, kupfava kwakanyanya ndiko kuri nani kuchengetedza mvura.
Kuchengetwa kwemvura kweMC kune chekuitawo netembiricha inoshandiswa, uye kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose ether kunoderera nekuwedzera kwetembiricha. Zvisinei, mukushandiswa chaiko kwezvinhu, dry powder mortar inowanzoiswa kune substrates dzinopisa patembiricha yakakwira (yakakwirira kupfuura madhigirii makumi mana) munzvimbo dzakawanda, dzakadai sekuiswa kwepurasitiki pamadziro ekunze pasi pezuva muzhizha, izvo zvinowanzo kurumidzisa Kucheneswa kwesimende uye kuoma kwedry powder mortar. Kuderera kwehuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura kunotungamira kune kunzwa kuri pachena kwekuti kushanda uye kuramba kutsemuka zvinokanganiswa, uye zvakanyanya kukosha kuderedza simba rezvinhu zvetembiricha pasi pemamiriro aya. Kunyangwe methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether additives parizvino ichionekwa seiri pamberi pekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, kuvimba kwavo netembiricha kucharamba kuchitungamira mukushomeka kwekushanda kwedry powder mortar. Kunyangwe huwandu hwemethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose hwakawedzerwa (fomula yezhizha), kushanda uye kuramba kutsemuka hazvigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Kuburikidza nekurapwa kwakakosha paMC, kwakadai sekuwedzera mwero we etherification, nezvimwewo, simba rekuchengetedza mvura rinogona kuramba riri patembiricha yakakwira, kuitira kuti rigone kupa mashandiro ari nani mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
Pamusoro pezvo, kukora uye thixotropy ye cellulose ether: basa rechipiri re cellulose ether - kukora kunoenderana ne: mwero wepolymerization ye cellulose ether, kuwanda kwemhinduro, shear rate, tembiricha nezvimwe. Hunhu hwe gelling hwemushonga uyu hwakasiyana nealkyl cellulose nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa nawo. Hunhu hwe gelation hune chekuita ne mwero wekutsiva, kuwanda kwemhinduro nezvimwe zvinowedzerwa. Kune zvinogadzirwa ne hydroxyalkyl zvakagadziriswa, hunhu hwe gel hune chekuitawo ne mwero wekuchinja we hydroxyalkyl. 10%-15% solution inogona kugadzirirwa low-viscosity MC ne HPMC, 5%-10% solution inogona kugadzirirwa medium-viscosity MC ne HPMC, uye 2%-3% solution inogona kugadzirirwa chete high-viscosity MC ne HPMC. Kazhinji, kupatsanurwa kwe viscosity ye cellulose ether kunoongororwawo ne 1%-2% solution. High-molecular-weight cellulose ether ine high thickening efficiency. Ma polymer ane ma molecular weight akasiyana ane ma viscosities akasiyana mu concentration solution imwe chete. Dhigirii repamusoro. Kupenya kwakanangana nechinhu kunogona kuwanikwa chete nekuwedzera huwandu hwakawanda hwe cellulose ether ine huremu hwakaderera. Kupenya kwacho hakuna kutsamira zvakanyanya pakuchekwa kwechinhu, uye kupenya kwakakwira kunosvika pakupenya kwakanangana nechinhu, zvichida kuwedzerwa kushoma, uye kupenya kwacho kunoenderana nekushanda kwakasimba. Naizvozvo, kuti uwane kuenderana kwakati, huwandu hwakati hwe cellulose ether (kupenya kwechinhu) uye kupenya kwechinhu kunofanirwa kuvimbiswa. Kupisa kwe gel yechinhu kunodererawo zvakanangana nekuwedzera kwekupenya kwechinhu, uye ma gels patembiricha yemumba mushure mekusvika pakupenya kwakati. Kupenya kwe HPMC kwe gelling kwakakwira zvakanyanya patembiricha yemumba.
Kuenderana kunogonawo kugadziriswa nekusarudza saizi yezvikamu uye kusarudza ether dze cellulose dzine madhigirii akasiyana ekuchinja. Chinonzi shanduko ndechekuunza mwero wakati wekutsiva mapoka ehydroxyalkyl pachimiro cheskeleton cheMC. Nekushandura marelative substitution values ezvikamu zviviri, kureva, maDS nems relative substitution values emapoka emethoxy nehydroxyalkyl atinowanzo taura. Zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushanda kwe cellulose ether zvinogona kuwanikwa nekushandura marelative substitution values ezvikamu zviviri.
Hukama huripo pakati pekuenderana uye kugadziriswa: kuwedzerwa kwe cellulose ether kunokanganisa kushandiswa kwemvura kwedhaka, kuchinja chiyero chemvura-binder chemvura nesimende ndiko kusimba kwemhedzisiro, chiyero chakakwira, ndiko kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemvura.
Cellulose ethers inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvekuvaka zvine upfu inofanira kunyungudika nekukurumidza mumvura inotonhora uye inopa kugadzikana kwakakodzera kwehurongwa. Kana ikapihwa mwero wakati wekucheka, inoramba ichiva flocculent uye colloidal block, inova chigadzirwa chisina kunaka kana chemhando yepamusoro.
Kunewo hukama hwakanaka pakati pekuenderana kwe simende paste uye chiyero che cellulose ether. Cellulose ether inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya viscosity yemortar. Kana chiyero chikuru, mhedzisiro yacho inonyanya kuoneka. High-viscosity cellulose ether aqueous solution ine thixotropy yakakwira, inovawo hunhu hukuru hwe cellulose ether. Mhinduro dzemvura dzeMC polymers dzinowanzova ne pseudoplastic uye non-thixotropic fluidity pasi petembiricha yavo yegel, asi Newtonian flow properties pa low shear rates. Pseudoplasticity inowedzera nehuremu hwemamorekuru kana kuwanda kwe cellulose ether, zvisinei nerudzi rwe substituent uye mwero wekutsiva. Naizvozvo, cellulose ethers dze viscosity grade imwe chete, zvisineiMC, HPMC, HEMC, inogara ichiratidza hunhu hwakafanana hwe rheological chero bedzi huwandu netembiricha zvichiramba zvakagadzikana. Ma gels ekuvaka anoumbwa kana tembiricha yakwira, uye kuyerera kwe thixotropic kwakanyanya kunoitika. Ma ether e cellulose ane huwandu hwakawanda uye low viscosity anoratidza thixotropy kunyangwe ari pasi petembiricha ye gel. Hunhu uhwu hunobatsira zvikuru pakugadzirisa kuenzana uye kudzikira mukuvaka chivakwa chemortar. Zvinofanira kutsanangurwa pano kuti kana viscosity ye cellulose ether yakakwira, kuchengetedza mvura kuri nani, asi viscosity yakakwira, huwandu hwemorekuru ye cellulose ether hwakakwira, uye kudzikira kwakafanana mukunyungudika kwayo, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa pahuwandu hwemortar uye mashandiro ekuvaka. Viscosity yakakwira, mhedzisiro yekukora iri pachena pamortar, asi haina kuenzana zvachose. Viscosity yepakati nepasi, asi modified cellulose ether ine mashandiro ari nani mukuvandudza simba rechivakwa chemortar yakanyorova. Nekuwedzera kwe viscosity, kuchengetedza mvura kwe cellulose ether kunovandudza.
Kudzoserwa kwe cellulose ether: Basa rechitatu re cellulose ether nderekunonotsa maitiro e hydration esimende. Cellulose ether inopa mortar zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatsira, uye inoderedzawo kupisa kwekutanga kwe hydration yesimende uye inononotsa maitiro e hydration dynamic esimende. Izvi hazvina kunaka kushandiswa mortar munzvimbo dzinotonhora. Kudzoserwa uku kunokonzerwa nekunyudzwa kwema cellulose ether molecules pazvigadzirwa zve hydration zvakaita seCSH ne ca(OH)2. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwe viscosity ye pore solution, cellulose ether inoderedza kufamba kwemaions mumushonga, nokudaro ichinonotsa maitiro e hydration. Kuwanda kwe cellulose ether mu mineral gel material, ndiko kunonyanya kuoneka kwe hydration delay. Cellulose ether haingononotsi chete, asiwo inononotsa maitiro e cement mortar system. Kudzoserwa kwe cellulose ether hakungotsamiri pakuwanda kwayo mu mineral gel system, asiwo pa chemical structure. Kuwanda kwe methylation yeHEMC, ndiko kunonoka kwe cellulose ether. Chiyero chekutsiva kwemvura nekuwedzera kwemvura. Mhedzisiro yekunonoka yakasimba. Zvisinei, viscosity ye cellulose ether haina simba guru pa hydration yesimende.
Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe cellulose ether, nguva yekuiswa kwemortar inowedzera zvakanyanya. Pane hukama hwakanaka husina kurongeka pakati penguva yekutanga yekuiswa kwemortar nehuwandu hwe cellulose ether, uye hukama hwakanaka pakati penguva yekupedzisira yekuiswa uye huwandu hwe cellulose ether. Tinogona kudzora nguva yekushanda kwemortar nekuchinja huwandu hwe cellulose ether.
Muchidimbu, muhari yakasanganiswa yakagadzirwa,ether ye celluloseinoita basa guru mukuchengetedza mvura, kukora, kunonotsa simba remvura yesimende, uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka. Kugona kwakanaka kuchengetedza mvura kunoita kuti mvura yesimende ikwane, kunogona kuvandudza kunyorova kwesimbi yesimbi yakanyorova, kuwedzera simba rekubatanidza simbi, uye kugadzirisa nguva. Kuwedzera cellulose ether musimbi yekupfapfaidza nemechanical kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekupfapfaidza kana kupomba uye simba rechimiro chesimbi. Nokudaro, cellulose ether iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya sechinhu chakakosha chinowedzera musimbi yakasanganiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-25-2024