Cellulose ether (CE) imhando yezvinogadzirwa zvinobva mumasero emiti zvinogadzirwa nekushandisa cellulose. Cellulose ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumadziro emasero emiti, uye cellulose ethers imhando yemapolymers anogadzirwa ne etherification yemamwe mapoka ehydroxyl (–OH) mu cellulose. Anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda yakadai semidziyo yekuvaka, mishonga, chikafu, zvizoro, nezvimwewo, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehunhu hwawo hwepanyama nemakemikari uye kushanduka-shanduka.
1. Kupatsanura kwe ethers dze cellulose
Ma ether e cellulose anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemhando dzezvinotsiva muchimiro chemakemikari. Kupatsanurwa kwakajairika kunobva pamusiyano wezvinotsiva. Ma ether e cellulose akajairika ndeaya anotevera:
Methyl cellulose (MC)
Methyl cellulose inogadzirwa nekutsiva chikamu chehydroxyl chemorekuru yecellulose nemethyl (–CH₃). Ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekukora, kugadzira firimu uye kubatana uye inowanzoshandiswa muzvivakwa, machira, mishonga uye maindasitiri ezvekudya.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imhando ye cellulose ether, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka, mishonga, makemikari ezuva nezuva uye muminda yechikafu nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo mumvura uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari. HPMC imhando ye cellulose ether isina ionic ine hunhu hwekuchengetedza mvura, kukora uye kugadzikana.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Carboxymethyl cellulose i anionic cellulose ether inogadzirwa nekuisa mapoka e carboxymethyl (–CH₂COOH) mumamorekuru e cellulose. CMC ine mvura inonyungudika zvakanaka uye inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinosimbisa, chinosimbisa uye chinomisa. Inoita basa rakakosha mukudya, mishonga uye zvizoro.
Ethyl cellulose (EC)
Ethyl cellulose inowanikwa nekutsiva boka rehydroxyl mu cellulose ne ethyl (–CH₂CH₃). Ine hydrophobicity yakanaka uye inowanzoshandiswa semushonga wekuvhara firimu uye sezvinhu zvinodzorwa muindasitiri yemishonga.
2. Hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hwe cellulose ethers
Hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hwe cellulose ethers hwakabatana zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwe cellulose ether, rudzi rwechinhu chinotsiva uye mwero wekutsiva. Hunhu hwayo hukuru hunosanganisira zvinotevera:
Kunyungudika kwemvura uye kunyungudika kwayo
Mazhinji ether e-cellulose ane mvura inonyungudika zvakanaka uye anogona kunyungudika mumvura inotonhora kana inopisa kuti agadzire mhinduro inoonekera yecolloidal. Semuenzaniso, HPMC, CMC, nezvimwewo zvinogona kunyungudika nekukurumidza mumvura kuti zvigadzire mhinduro ine viscosity yakakura, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzviitiko zvekushandisa zvine zvinodiwa zvinoshanda zvakaita sekukora, kumisa, uye kugadzirwa kwefirimu.
Hunhu hwekukora uye kugadzira firimu
Cellulose ethers dzine hunhu hwakanaka hwekukora uye dzinogona kuwedzera kunaka kwemvura inonyunguduka. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera HPMC pazvinhu zvekuvaka kunogona kuvandudza kunaka kwesimbi uye kushanda kwedhaka uye kuwedzera hunhu hwekudzivirira kudonha. Panguva imwe chete, cellulose ethers dzine hunhu hwakanaka hwekugadzira firimu uye dzinogona kugadzira firimu rinodzivirira rakafanana pamusoro pezvinhu, saka dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuputira uye mukuputira mishonga.
Kuchengetwa kwemvura uye kugadzikana
Cellulose ethers inewo kugona kwakanaka kwekuchengetedza mvura, kunyanya mukugadzira zvinhu zvekuvaka. Cellulose ethers dzinowanzo shandiswa kuvandudza kuchengetedza mvura kwesimbi yesimbi, kuderedza kuwanda kwesimbi, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesimbi. Mumunda wezvekudya, CMC inoshandiswawo semushonga unononoka kuoma kwechikafu.
Kugadzikana kwemakemikari
Cellulose ethers inoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari mu acid, alkali uye electrolyte solutions, uye inogona kuchengetedza chimiro chayo uye mashandiro ayo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaoma dzemakemikari. Izvi zvinovabvumira kushandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana pasina kukanganiswa nemamwe makemikari.
3. Maitiro ekugadzira cellulose ether
Kugadzirwa kwe cellulose ether kunonyanya kugadzirwa ne etherification reaction ye natural cellulose. Matanho ekutanga anosanganisira alkaliization treatment ye cellulose, etherification reaction, kuchenesa, nezvimwewo.
Kurapa kweAlkalization
Chekutanga, cellulose yechisikigo (yakadai sedonje, huni, nezvimwewo) inogadziriswa kuti ichinje chikamu chehydroxyl mu cellulose kuita munyu wealcohol unoshanda zvikuru.
Kuita kweEtherification
Mushure mekugadziriswa kwealkali, cellulose inopindirana nechinhu chinopfumisa (senge methyl chloride, propylene oxide, nezvimwewo) kuti igadzire cellulose ether. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuita, mhando dzakasiyana dze cellulose ethers dzinogona kuwanikwa.
Kucheneswa uye kuomeswa
Cellulose ether inogadzirwa nemhinduro yacho inocheneswa, inogezwa uye inoomeswa kuti iwane upfu kana granular product. Kuchena uye hunhu hwemuviri hwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira zvinogona kudzorwa nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa hunotevera.
4. Minda yekushandisa ye cellulose ether
Nekuda kwehunhu hwakasiyana hwe cellulose ethers, dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akawanda. Nzvimbo huru dzekushandisa ndeidzi:
Zvishandiso zvekuvaka
Mubasa rezvinhu zvekuvaka, maether ecellulose anonyanya kushandiswa sezvinhu zvinosimbisa uye zvinochengetedza mvura pakugadzira simende nezvigadzirwa zvegypsum. Maether ecellulose akadai seHPMC neMC anogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka kwemota, kuderedza kurasikirwa nemvura, uye nekudaro anowedzera kunamira uye kuramba kutsemuka.
Mushonga
Muindasitiri yemishonga, cellulose ethers dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya semachira ekuputira mishonga, zvinonamira pamapiritsi, uye zvinhu zvinoburitswa nemutemo. Semuenzaniso, HPMC inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira machira ekuputira mishonga uye ine mhedzisiro yakanaka yekuburitswa nemutemo.
Chikafu
CMC inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinosimbisa, chinosanganisa makemikari, uye chinosimbisa ganda muindasitiri yezvikafu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinwiwa, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, uye zvinhu zvakabikwa, uye inogona kuvandudza kunaka uye hunhu hwekunyorovesa chikafu.
Zvizoro nemakemikari ezuva nezuva
Cellulose ethers dzinoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinosimbisa uye zvinosimbisa uye zvinosimbisa muzvizoro nemakemikari ezuva nezuva, izvo zvinogona kupa kugadzikana kwakanaka uye magadzirirwo akanaka. Semuenzaniso, HPMC inowanzoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvakaita semazino emazino neshampu kuti zviite sezviri nyore uye kuti zvive zvakagadzikana.
Kupfeka
Muindasitiri yekupenda, cellulose ethers dzinoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinosimbisa, zvinoumba firimu, uye zvinomisa jira, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mashandiro ekupenda, kuvandudza kuenzana, uye kupa pendi yemhando yepamusoro.
5. Kukura kwe ether dze cellulose mune ramangwana
Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kudiwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, cellulose ether, sechinhu chinobva muzviwanikwa zvechisikigo zvinogona kudzokororwa, ine mikana yakakura yekukura. Kuora kwayo, kugona kwayo kuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kunoita kuti itarisirwe kushandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yezvinhu zvakasvibira, zvinhu zvinoora uye zvinhu zvakangwara mune ramangwana. Pamusoro pezvo, cellulose ether inewo mukana wekuwedzera wekutsvaga nekusimudzira muminda yakakosha senge biomedical engineering nezvinhu zvepamusoro.
Sechigadzirwa chakakosha chemakemikari, cellulose ether ine mhando dzakasiyana dzekushandiswa kwayo. Nekukora kwayo kwakanaka, kuchengetedza mvura, kugadzira mafirimu uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, inoita basa risingatsiviwi muminda yakawanda yakadai sekuvaka, mishonga, uye chikafu. Mune ramangwana, nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kukurudzira pfungwa dzekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, mikana yekushandisa cellulose ether ichave yakakura uye ichapa mipiro yakakura mukusimudzira budiriro inoenderera mberi yemaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-24-2024